A database for publications published by researchers and students at SimulaMet.
Research area
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- Journal articles (82)
- Books (4)
- Proceedings, refereed (111)
- Book chapters (2)
- Talks, keynote (9)
- PhD theses (1)
- Proceedings, non-refereed (15)
- Posters (3)
- Technical reports (10)
- Talks, invited (130)
- Talks, contributed (10)
- Public outreach (29)
- Miscellaneous (7)
Journal articles
NB-IoT Random Access: Data-driven Analysis and ML-based Enhancements
IEEE Internet of Things Journal (2021).Status: Published
NB-IoT Random Access: Data-driven Analysis and ML-based Enhancements
In the context of massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), the Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology is envisioned to efficiently and reliably deal with massive device connectivity. Hence, it relies on a tailored Random Access (RA) procedure, for which theoretical and empirical analyses are needed for a better understanding and further improvements. This paper presents the first data-driven analysis of NB-IoT RA, exploiting a large scale measurement campaign. We show how the RA procedure and performance are affected by network deployment, radio coverage, and operators’ configurations, thus complementing simulation-based investigations, mostly focused on massive connectivity aspects. Comparison with the performance requirements reveals the need for procedure enhancements. Hence, we propose a Machine Learning (ML) approach, and show that RA outcomes are predictable with good accuracy by observing radio conditions. We embed the outcome prediction in a RA enhanced scheme, and show that optimized configurations enable a power consumption reduction of at least 50%. We also make our dataset available for further exploration, toward the discovery of new insights and research perspectives.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems, Machine Learning |
| Project(s) | Department of Mobile Systems and Analytics |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2021 |
| Journal | IEEE Internet of Things Journal |
| Date Published | 01/2021 |
| Publisher | IEEE |
| Keywords | Cellular Internet of Things, Empirical Analysis, massive Machine Type Communications, Narrowband Internet of Things, Random Access |
| Notes | Supplementary Materials, Results, and Dataset available at https://mosaic-simulamet.com/nbiot-randomaccess/ |
| URL | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9324758 |
| DOI | 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3051755 |
Estimating an Additive Path Cost with Explicit Congestion Notification
IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems (2021).Status: Published
Estimating an Additive Path Cost with Explicit Congestion Notification
Network Utility Maximization (NUM) is a well accepted theoretical framework that describes how congestion controls cooperate to achieve an ideal sending rate allocation, for given utility functions of senders and constraints of the network. These network constraints are expressed as a "cost'' in the framework. In practice, most congestion control mechanisms obtain feedback that is different from the framework's "cost''. This paper focuses on Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN), which has been shown to be advantageous when it is available, e.g. with the popular Datacenter TCP (DCTCP) mechanism. However, different from the framework's cost, ECN marks are not additive. We present a practical solution to this problem. Our solution changes how end hosts interpret the ECN signal, while for the router side, a special configuration of RED is used.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Department of Mobile Systems and Analytics |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2021 |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems |
| Date Published | early release |
| Publisher | IEEE |
| Notes | Currently published in early access on IEEExplore. |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1109/TCNS.2021.3053179 |
| DOI | 10.1109/TCNS.2021.3053179 |
Large scale “speedtest” experimentation in Mobile Broadband Networks
Computer Networks 1843013133vol. 329176, no. 31 (2021): 107629.Status: Published
Large scale “speedtest” experimentation in Mobile Broadband Networks
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Department of Mobile Systems and Analytics |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2021 |
| Journal | Computer Networks |
| Volume | 1843013133vol. 329176 |
| Issue | 31 |
| Pagination | 107629 |
| Date Published | Jan-01-2021 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| ISSN | 13891286 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107629 |
Proceedings, refereed
Reliable Server Pooling Based Workload Offloading with Mobile Edge Computing: A Proof-of-Concept
In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 35th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA). Toronto, Ontario/Canada: Springer, 2021.Status: Accepted
Reliable Server Pooling Based Workload Offloading with Mobile Edge Computing: A Proof-of-Concept
In recent times, mobile broadband devices have become almost ubiquitous. However, battery-powered devices (such as smartphones), have limitations on energy consumption, computation power and storage space. Cloud computing, and in particular with the upcoming 5G networks, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) can provide compute and storage services at the vicinity of the user (with a low communication latency). However, the complexity lies in how to simply and efficiently realise MEC services, with the auxiliary public (multi-)cloud resources? In this paper, we propose a proof-of-concept of using Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) as a light-weight layer of managing resource pools and handling application sessions with these pools. Our approach is simple, efficient, has low overhead and is available as open-source. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of our approach by measuring in a test setup, with a 4G testbed connected to MEC and public multi-cloud resources.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2021 |
| Conference Name | Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 35th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA) |
| Publisher | Springer |
| Place Published | Toronto, Ontario/Canada |
| Keywords | 5G, Evolved Packet Core (EPC), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), Multi-Cloud Computing, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) |
Talks, keynote
NorNet at Hainan University in 2021: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research — A Remote Presentation
In Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, 2021.Status: Published
NorNet at Hainan University in 2021: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research — A Remote Presentation
A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today's network devices, like smartphones and laptops — i.e. particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing — frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet. This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University in 2021.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
| Publication Type | Talk, keynote |
| Year of Publication | 2021 |
| Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
| Date Published | 01/2021 |
| Place Published | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
| Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
Talks, invited
NorNet at Hainan University in 2021: Getting Started with NorNet Core — A Remote Tutorial
In Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, 2021.Status: Published
NorNet at Hainan University in 2021: Getting Started with NorNet Core — A Remote Tutorial
This tutorial — presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University — provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed in 2021.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
| Publication Type | Talks, invited |
| Year of Publication | 2021 |
| Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
| Place Published | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
| Keywords | Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial |
Smittestopp, teknologigiganter og personverndebatt
In Kriminalpolitiet, Oslo, 2021.Status: Published
Smittestopp, teknologigiganter og personverndebatt
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Talks, invited |
| Year of Publication | 2021 |
| Location of Talk | Kriminalpolitiet, Oslo |
Journal articles
PoBT: A Light Weight Consensus Algorithm for Scalable IoT Business Blockchain
IEEE Internet of Things Journal 7, no. 3 (2020): 2343-2355.Status: Published
PoBT: A Light Weight Consensus Algorithm for Scalable IoT Business Blockchain
Efficient and smart business processes are heavily dependent on the Internet of Things (IoT) networks, where end-to-end optimization is critical to the success of the whole ecosystem. These systems, including industrial, healthcare, and others, are large scale complex networks of heterogeneous devices. This introduces many security and access control challenges. Blockchain has emerged as an effective solution for addressing several such challenges. However, the basic algorithms used in the business blockchain are not feasible for large scale IoT systems. To make them scalable for IoT, the complex consensus-based security has to be downgraded. In this article, we propose a novel lightweight proof of block and trade (PoBT) consensus algorithm for IoT blockchain and its integration framework. This solution allows the validation of trades as well as blocks with reduced computation time. Also, we present a ledger distribution mechanism to decrease the memory requirements of IoT nodes. The analysis and evaluation of security aspects, computation time, memory, and bandwidth requirements show significant improvement in the performance of the overall system.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2020 |
| Journal | IEEE Internet of Things Journal |
| Volume | 7 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pagination | 2343 - 2355 |
| Publisher | IEEE |
Blockchain Empowered Cooperative Authentication with Data Traceability in Vehicular Edge Computing
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 69, no. 4 (2020): 4221-4232.Status: Published
Blockchain Empowered Cooperative Authentication with Data Traceability in Vehicular Edge Computing
The dynamic environment due to traffic mobility and wireless communication from/to vehicles make identity authentication and trust management for privacy preservation based on vehicular edge computing (VEC) an increasingly important problem in vehicular networks. However, existing authentication schemes mainly focus on communication between a single trusted edge computing node and multiple vehicles. This framework may suffer the bottleneck problem due to the single edge computing node, and the performance depends heavily on its resources. In this paper, a blockchain empowered group-authentication scheme is proposed for vehicles with decentralized identification based on secret sharing and dynamic proxy mechanism. Sub-authentication results are aggregated for trust management based blockchain to implement collaborative authentication. The edge computing node with a higher-reputation stored in the tamper-proof blockchain can upload the final aggregated authentication result to the central server to achieve the decentralized authentication. This work analyzes typical attacks for this scheme and shows that the proposed scheme achieves cooperative privacy preservation for vehicles while also reducing communication overhead and computation cost.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2020 |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology |
| Volume | 69 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pagination | 4221 - 4232 |
| Publisher | IEEE |
Online Identification of Groups of Flows Sharing a Network Bottleneck
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 28 (2020): 2229-2242.Status: Published
Online Identification of Groups of Flows Sharing a Network Bottleneck
Abstract—Most Internet hosts today support multiple access technologies and network interfaces. Multipath transport protocols, like MPTCP, are being deployed (e.g., in smartphones), allowing transparent simultaneous use of multiple links. Besides providing increased resilience to link failures, multipath trans- ports may better exploit available (aggregate) capacity across all interfaces. The safest way to ensure fairness is to assume that any subflows of a multipath end-to-end connection may share bottleneck links, but knowledge of non-shared bottlenecks could allow multipath senders to exploit more capacity without being unfair to other flows. The problem of reliably detecting the existence of (non)-shared bottlenecks is not trivial and is compounded by the fact that bottlenecks may change due to traffic dynamics. In this paper we focus on practical methods to reliably group flows that share, possibly dynamic, bottlenecks online and in a passive manner (i.e., without injecting measurement traffic). We introduce a novel dynamic clustering algorithm that we apply to update our previous shared bottleneck flow grouping (SBFG) method standardized by the IETF, based on delay statistics. We also adapt an offline SBFG method based on wavelet filters to enable it for online operation. These SBFG methods are evaluated by a simple testbed, rigorous simulation and real-world Internet experiments in a testbed comprised of multihomed hosts. Our results suggest that there is no clear winner, and selection of the “best” SBFG method will have to consider tradeoffs regarding accuracy, lag, and application requirements.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency, Department of Mobile Systems and Analytics |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2020 |
| Journal | IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking |
| Volume | 28 |
| Number | 5 |
| Pagination | 2229--2242 |
| Publisher | IEEE/ACM |
| ISSN | Print ISSN: 1063-6692, Electronic ISSN: 1558-2566 |
| Keywords | dynamic clustering, Internet congestion control, multipath congestion control., shared bottleneck detection |
| Notes | Published in the Early Access area on IEEE Xplore. The content is final as presented with the exception of pagination and |
| DOI | 10.1109/TNET.2020.3007346 |
