Projects
NorNet

Having stable and uninterrupted Internet connectivity is becoming increasingly important, particularly with regard to applications like cloud computing, service as a platform and many others. Connectivity problems could e.g. be caused by a hardware failure or a natural disaster. In order to improve the robustness of Internet connectivity, it is obvious to connect endpoints to multiple Internet service providers (ISP) simultaneously. This property is denoted as multi-homing. For example, Transport Layer protocols like the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) or Session Layer frameworks like Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) make use of multi-homing to support availability-critical applications.
However, while in theory a failure of one ISP should be independent of other ISPs, it is not really known what happens in practise in today’s commercial networks. It is evident that there are hidden dependencies among ISPs. Also, what about connectivity problems due to intentional malicious behaviour, i.e. targeted attacks on such systems? How can multi-path transport – e.g. with Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) or Concurrent Multipath Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) – efficiently and fairly make use of multi-homing? Research in realistic Internet setups is clearly necessary, in order to answer these open questions. For that purpose, the NorNet project is building up a multi-homed testbed distributed all over the country of Norway. This programmable testbed is to be used for measurements and experimental networking research. It is built and operated by the Simula Research Laboratory and financed by Forskningsrådet (the Research Council of Norway) through their INFRASTRUKTUR program (project number 208798/F50).
NorNet has two main components: NorNet Core and NorNet Edge. NorNet Core consists of more than tvelve programmable sites, each multi-homed to several network providers. NorNet Edge consists of several hundreds of smaller nodes that are connected to all mobile broadband providers in Norway. Together, these two components offer a unique platform for experimental networking research. NorNet is made available to the Norwegian and international networking research community.
NorNet builds up a large-scale, real-world Internet testbed with multi-homing capability and provides it to the network research community. The final goal is to allow for research (and also to contribute to such research) that improves the Internet of today to provide the best possible performance to network users, regardless where they are, what kind of applications they run and when they use the network.
Funding source:
Forskningsrådet (the Research Council of Norway), INFRASTRUKTUR program (project number 208798/F50).
Partners:
Simula is the only research partner, but all interested researchers can use the testbed. We have cooperations with multiple universities and other projects.
Publications for NorNet
Journal Article
Bottleneck Identification in Cloudified Mobile Networks based on Distributed Telemetry
Transactions on Mobile Computing (2023): 1-18.Status: Published
Bottleneck Identification in Cloudified Mobile Networks based on Distributed Telemetry
Cloudified mobile networks are expected to deliver a multitude of services with reduced capital and operating expenses. A characteristic example is 5G networks serving several slices in parallel. Such mobile networks, therefore, need to ensure that the SLAs of customised end-to-end sliced services are met. This requires monitoring the resource usage and characteristics of data flows at the virtualised network core, as well as tracking the performance of the radio interfaces and UEs. A centralised monitoring architecture can not scale to support millions of UEs though. This paper, proposes a 2-stage distributed telemetry framework in which UEs act as early warning sensors. After UEs flag an anomaly, a ML model is activated, at network controller, to attribute the cause of the anomaly. The framework achieves 85% F1-score in detecting anomalies caused by different bottlenecks, and an overall 89% F1-score in attributing these bottlenecks. This accuracy of our distributed framework is similar to that of a centralised monitoring system, but with no overhead of transmitting UE-based telemetry data to the centralised controller. The study also finds that passive in-band network telemetry has the potential to replace active monitoring and can further reduce the overhead of a network monitoring system.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Journal | Transactions on Mobile Computing |
Pagination | 1–18 |
Publisher | IEEE |
ISSN | 1558-0660 |
Keywords | Anomaly, Bottleneck, classification, congestion, Mobile Cloud Network, Telemetry |
URL | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10239332 |
DOI | 10.1109/TMC.2023.3312051 |
Towards a Lightweight Task Scheduling Framework for Cloud and Edge Platform
Internet of Things; Engineering Cyber Physical Human Systems (2023).Status: Accepted
Towards a Lightweight Task Scheduling Framework for Cloud and Edge Platform
Mobile devices are becoming ubiquitous in our daily lives, but they have limited computational capacity. Thanks to the advancement in the network infrastructure, task offloading from resource-constrained devices to the near edge and the cloud becomes possible and advantageous. Complete task offloading is now possible to almost limitless computing resources of public cloud platforms. Generally, the edge computing resources support latency-sensitive applications with limited computing resources, while the cloud supports latency-tolerant applications. This paper proposes one lightweight task-scheduling framework from cloud service provider perspective, for applications using both cloud and edge platforms. Here, the challenge is using edge and cloud resources efficiently when necessary. Such decisions have to be made quickly, with a small management overhead. Our framework aims at solving two research questions. They are: i) How to distribute tasks to the edge resource pools and multi-clouds? ii) How to manage these resource pools effectively with low overheads? To answer these two questions, we examine the performance of our proposed framework based on Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool). We have shown via simulations that RSerPool, with the correct usage and configuration of pool member selection policies, can accomplish the cloud/edge setup resource selection task with a small overhead.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Journal | Internet of Things; Engineering Cyber Physical Human Systems |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Keywords | Cloud computing, Edge Computing, Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool), Resource Pools, Task Scheduling |
Proceedings, refereed
Detecting Physical Impacts by Monitoring State of Polarisation in a Live Fibre-To-The-Home Data-Communication Air-Cable
In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS). Hamamatsu, Shizuoka/Japan: OPTICA, 2023.Status: Accepted
Detecting Physical Impacts by Monitoring State of Polarisation in a Live Fibre-To-The-Home Data-Communication Air-Cable
Heavy wind may tear cables down, damaging infrastructure, triggering outage in data-communication networks. We demonstrate local observations of wind in the access-network, monitoring State of Polarisation in a live Fiber-To-The-Home air-cable.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | GAIA, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS) |
Date Published | 11/2023 |
Publisher | OPTICA |
Place Published | Hamamatsu, Shizuoka/Japan |
Keywords | Fibre-To-The-Home, Monitoring, State of Polarisation |
A Live Demonstration of HiPerConTracer 2.0
In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM). Split/Croatia, 2023.Status: Accepted
A Live Demonstration of HiPerConTracer 2.0
HiPerConTracer is an open source tool for large-scale, long-term, high-frequency Ping and Traceroute measurements. Using such measurements, it is possible to obtain information about latency in the network, as well as about the actual routing. This proposed live demo provides an overview over the tool and its features, as well as an introduction of how to use it for performing measurements, storing the results, querying selected results, and post-processing them for visualisation.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, GAIA, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM) |
Date Published | 09/2023 |
Place Published | Split/Croatia |
Keywords | HiPerConTracer, Internet, Measurement, Round-Trip Time, Tools, Traceroute |
Towards A Data Privacy-Aware Execution Zone Creation on Cloud/Fog Platform
In Proceedings of the 49th Euromicro Conference Series on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). Durrës/Albania: IEEE, 2023.Status: Published
Towards A Data Privacy-Aware Execution Zone Creation on Cloud/Fog Platform
Cloud computing is now a `go-to' platform for running various types of application. A wide spectrum of users needing software and hardware resources have embraced the cloud. Following the cloud business model, one is either a cloud-based service provider or a cloud service (hardware and software) user. There is a continuous evolution in the cloud ecosystem to support the ever-changing features of user applications. The cloud ecosystem has added a new resource delegation model to accommodate such new requirements. This new resource delegation model is known as fog. Both cloud and fog platforms employ complex hardware and software to provide better run-time support for applications. This paper presents a message-based privacy-aware application execution zone management framework for the cloud/fog platform. The framework aims to create a static execution zone based on the performance of the user application and the data privacy requirements. It also enables the user to set the resource termination conditions. Here, we have prototyped the proposed framework and showed how the proposed approach works with message structure and experiments with the P4 switch. We also present how the prototype could be implemented on a cloud/fog platform.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, NorNet, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 49th Euromicro Conference Series on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA) |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Durrës/Albania |
Keywords | Cloud, Data, Fog, Message, Privacy, resource management |
High-Precision Round-Trip Time Measurements in the Internet with HiPerConTracer
In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM). Split, Dalmacija/Croatia: IEEE, 2023.Status: Published
High-Precision Round-Trip Time Measurements in the Internet with HiPerConTracer
Accurately measuring Round-Trip Times (RTT) for Internet communications is important for various research topics, ranging from protocol performance and congestion control to routing and network security. Unix systems, particularly Linux and FreeBSD, provide some features to obtain network packet timing information, but there is a lack of documentation for these. With High-Performance Connectivity Tracer (HiPerConTracer), there is already an open source tool for running large-scale, long-running and high-frequency ICMP Ping and Traceroute measurements. However, it lacks support of high-precision timing. As part of this paper, first the network packet timestamping features of Unix systems are analysed and introduced, to provide the reader with a detailed overview over the available methods, their usage, as well as their limitations. Then, enhancements to HiPerConTracer are presented for adding high-precision timestamping support, as well as a UDP module to also perform UDP Ping and Traceroute measurements. Finally, the newly added features are demonstrated in a proof-of-concept analysis.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, GAIA, NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM) |
Date Published | 09/2023 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Split, Dalmacija/Croatia |
Keywords | HiPerConTracer, Internet, Measurement, Packet Timestamping, Round-Trip Time, Tools |
A Scalable Infrastructure for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring for Revealing Security and Vulnerability Impacts in Optical Networks
In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL). Graz, Steiermark/Austria: IEEE, 2023.Status: Published
A Scalable Infrastructure for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring for Revealing Security and Vulnerability Impacts in Optical Networks
Optical networks are spanning the world. They are the main medium for carrying all types of data-traffic. From a vulnerability and security perspective, it is therefore the most important part of the network to protect against any physical impacts that may cause disruptions or security incidents. In this paper, we demonstrate and describe a scalable, low-cost monitoring system based on detecting the state of polarisation in the fibre cables. We give examples on how any direct movement of fibre-cables or fibre-cords as well as indirect vibrations on the cable can be detected, and how basic characteristics in the patterns can be used for recognition of these events.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, GAIA, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL) |
Date Published | 07/2023 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Graz, Steiermark/Austria |
Keywords | Hardware, Infrastructure, Monitoring, Software, State of Polarisation |
Proactive Resource Orchestration Framework for Cloud/Fog Platform
In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC). Tunis/Tunisia: IEEE, 2023.Status: Published
Proactive Resource Orchestration Framework for Cloud/Fog Platform
Cloud computing makes complex computing an off-premise activity by offering software- and hardware-based services using standard security protocols over the Internet. It has been seen that the cloud is not ideal for latency-sensitive applications. Thanks to the current growth of network communication and infrastructure, fog adds a computing resource delegation layer between the user and the cloud. Fog aims to improve latency-sensitive applications support. Here, we propose one unified, proactive resource orchestration framework from a cloud/fog service provider perspective. The framework consists of a predictor and a resource allocator module. Users subscribe to these resources to execute their applications. The framework does not require application-specific information and is modular, meaning a service provider can customise each module. We have presented the framework prototype by showing each module's simulated performance results using the parameters of our cloud/fog research test bed.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC) |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Tunis/Tunisia |
Keywords | Cloud, Fog, Orchestration, Prediction, Resource Allocation |
A Scalable Data Collection System for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring
In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). Bucharest/Romania, 2023.Status: Published
A Scalable Data Collection System for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring
Our dependency on the telecommunication infrastructure is continuously increasing, as different infrastructures – such as energy and telecommunication – now have mutual dependencies. This calls for increased monitoring of the fibre network, which is a highly critical part of the infrastructure. State of Polarisation (SoP) of light propagating through fibre transmission systems is impacted by any vibrations and mechanical impacts on the fibre. By continuously monitoring the SoP, any unexpected movements of a fibre along a fibre-path may be traced. Movements may be caused by e.g. work in node-rooms impacting patch-cords, trawlers or other types of sub-sea equipment touching or hooking into sub-sea fibre cables, digging close to a fibre-cable, or geophysical phenomena like earthquakes. In this paper, we describe a low-cost, scalable system for SoP monitoring and give examples of patterns monitored in different types of fibre infrastructures. The monitoring system consists of single-unit rack-mount instruments connected to taps from live optical transmission signals. Each instrument has local storage for 1-2 years of data, and is periodically automatically uploading data to a server for backup and data-access purposes. Examples of observed patterns are impact from a thunderstorm on a Fibre-To-The-Home (FTTH) cable, 50 Hz on a fibre-cable spun around a high-voltage power air-cable, as well as animal impact on a patch-cord.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) |
Date Published | 07/2023 |
Place Published | Bucharest/Romania |
Keywords | Critical Infrastructure, Monitoring, State of Polarisation |
Journal Article
Secure Embedded Living: Towards a Self-contained User Data Preserving Framework
IEEE Communications Magazine 60, no. 11 (2022): 74-80.Status: Published
Secure Embedded Living: Towards a Self-contained User Data Preserving Framework
Smart living represents the hardware-software co-inhabiting with humans for better living standards and improved well-being. Here, hardware monitors human activities (by collecting data) specific to a context. Such data can be processed to offer context-specific valuable insights. Such insights can be used for optimising the well-being, living experience and energy cost of smart homes. This paper proposes a Secure Embedded Living Framework (SELF) that enforces a privacy-preserving data control mechanism by integrating multiple technologies, such as Internet-of-thing, cloud/fog platform, machine learning and blockchain. The primary aim of the SELF is to allow the user to retain more control of its data.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2022 |
Journal | IEEE Communications Magazine |
Volume | 60 |
Issue | 11 |
Pagination | 74–80 |
Date Published | 11/2022 |
Publisher | IEEE |
ISSN | 0163-6804 |
Keywords | blockchain, Cloud, Data, IoTs, Security, User |
DOI | 10.1109/MCOM.001.2200165 |
SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab

Research objectives
The SimulaMet Interoperability lab (SMIL) support a wide range of research activities at SimulaMet, and will in particular address the following research areas:
- Benchmark and improve time-sensitive networking technologies for 5G networks between base stations and edge computing for 5G.
- Study and improve mechanisms for network slicing to ensure successful co-use of 5G networks for critical applications.
- Study how legacy computers can be used to realize Cloud Radio Access Networks by using software defined radio and lower cost of deployment by moving functionality from hardware to software. Of particular interest is real-time scheduling of Cloud RAN workloads in edge data centres.
- Study new 5G and IoT applications enabled by edge computing using features such as low latency, high throughput and quality of service guarantees combined with edge computing capabilities available in 5G cellular networks.
- Develop and improve self-driving networks for fast recovery with technologies such as SDN, P4 and Network Function Virtualization in combination with machine learning of large-scale data analytics of the entire networked system.
- Understand and improve mechanisms required to establish Robust cellular networks for reliable infrastructure for new user groups which relies on dependable networks.
Time sensitive networking
Traditionally, dedicated point-to-point connections using Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) have been used to interconnect smart cellular antennas to base stations. In 5G, the main infrastructure vendors have proposed e-CPRI, based on the Ethernet standard. With Ethernet, one would expect to leverage traditional switches for aggregation and simultaneous data transport in addition to e-CPRI, but Ethernet and legacy switches are not built for the timing requirements of 5G. To overcome this problem, different technologies have been suggested to enable Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) with Ethernet as the transport technology. In this research activity, we study how TSN can be realized in 5G front haul networks, combining the requirements of synchronization, bound latency in combination with traditional best-effort packet transport. In the laboratory we collaborate with TransPacket for access to FPGA-based implementations of TSN using the Fusion network technology implemented in Xilinx FPGAs enabling 100 Gbit/s Ethernet transport aggregating 5G base stations using 10Gbit/s ethernet with guaranteed transport service.

Network slicing
In 5G networks, the concept of Network slicing enables different classes of applications to share the same physical network. 5G is expected to be able to handle applications like emergency networks, real-time industry applications in combination with supporting demanding multimedia applications for consumers. These requirements require ability to express and enforce Quality of Service requirements ranging from frequency resource allocation, 5G base station resource allocation, network quality of service and allocation of processing resources in edge computers.
Initial work has focused on SDN-based implementations using the opensource Open Air interface, and future work will extend this to network slicing in 5G-NR and 5G front-haul and back-haul network guarantees for network slicing.
Cloud Radio Access Networks (Cloud RAN)
Cloud RAN enable the use of general purpose computers placed in edge data centres for realizing virtualized radio functions by using software defined radio techniques to lower cost of deployment by moving functionality from hardware to software. Of a particular interest to our research group is real-time scheduling of Cloud RAN workloads, how to partition between real-time and non-real-time workloads in the Cloud RAN, and how to handle the strict requirements to enable services like Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) which can enable new applications previously not possible in cellular networks. Vendors are already introducing Cloud RAN solutions, such as the Nokia AirScale CloudRAN , the 4G/5G C-RAN architecture from Ericsson and 5G oriented C-RAN solutions from Huawei. It is of a particular interest to study if such network architectures can be realized in a multi-vendor environment. At what level should interoperability be ensured? Can Virtual Network Functions from different vendors run in the same edge computer environment?
New 5G and IoT applications enabled by edge computing
With edge computing deployed in the distributed 5G networks, new 5G and IoT applications can be made possible since response times can be guaranteed, and computing resources can be made available close to the application. An example is the real-time application of collision avoidance for cars sharing their sensor data with a local edge data center which can execute collision avoidance algorithms within specified time deadlines to provide drivers or self-driving vehicles with time-critical information to avoid collision. Other applications like games using augmented reality and real-time collaboration in industrial applications can be enabled by low latency and high throughput communication service with processing in edge data centres. Finally, IoT sensors with very low power consumption can leverage high sensitivity 5G NR capabilities to provide very long battery life for embedded applications. In SMIL, we will collaborate with other research groups and the 5G industry to investigate applications previously not possible in cellular networks and suggest improvements to applications and networks.
Self-driving Networks
The complexity of configuration and adjustment of telecommunication networks to respond to rapid changes in demand has led to the vision of Self-driving networks which measure, analyze and control themselves in an automated manner. Self-driving networks can react to changes in the environment (e.g., demand), while exploiting existing flexibilities to optimize themselves. Furthermore, the advent of large-scale machine learning can also benefit self-driving networks and over time develop to faster reconfiguration and more reliable operation compared to manual configuration by human operators, see for example the paper Why (and How) Networks Should Run Themselves for an in-depth discussion.
This method is of particular interest in 5G to ensure rapid reconfiguration in case of failure which requires automated response to demand, changes in geographic load in the network, change in network capacity and loss of connectivity with minimal impact for critical applications. The requirement for reconfiguration can also be used for business purposes, for example optimized use of software licenses, where an operator can install hardware at all relevant locations but deploy software licenses only for operation of a subset of this hardware based on actual demand and moved with users. This research area is closely related to Software Defined Networking which until recently has focused mostly on the data plane with technologies such as OpenFlow and Netconf/Yang.

Recent developments such as the Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors language (P4) has enabled software control also of the data plane which opens for software defined processing in the actual packet flow. In SMIL, we plan to leverage these advances together from SDN controllers such as OpenDaylight to enable Self-driving networks for access and transport networks for 5G. In the laboratory, we will use the latest MX-series routers from Juniper Networks with P4 capabilites to explore self-driving networks for 5G.
Robust cellular networks
New user groups are encouraged to share a common infrastructure to save cost and leverage state of the art technologies. This trend increases the requirements of robustness of the underlying architecture since our society relies not only on critical consumer services like communication services, banking, shopping and logistics, but also applications traditionally served by dedicated networks such as military, emergency (e.g. TETRA) and railroad signalling networks (e.g. GSM-R) which all consider 5G as their network infrastructure in the future.
We believe Heterogeneous infrastructure has several benefits to ensure interoperability and open standards in 5G but this requirement also adds to the complexity of the network since different vendors may rely on different network structures, and different communication protocols even if they are defined by standard bodies such as 3GPP. When the goal of heterogenous infrastructure is added to requirements from new users, we can see that 5G represents very demanding requirements for the cellular operators and the network infrastructure vendors.

SimulaMet Centre for Resilient Networks and Applications have studied this topic over many years in fixed networks, in 4G cellular networks and for IoT applications. With the new laboratory, we will extend our studies to 5G New Radio and will also address how to provide robustness of the 5G core network by reducing the dependency for a centralized 5G infrastructure by virtualization.
Publications for SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab
Journal Article
Bottleneck Identification in Cloudified Mobile Networks based on Distributed Telemetry
Transactions on Mobile Computing (2023): 1-18.Status: Published
Bottleneck Identification in Cloudified Mobile Networks based on Distributed Telemetry
Cloudified mobile networks are expected to deliver a multitude of services with reduced capital and operating expenses. A characteristic example is 5G networks serving several slices in parallel. Such mobile networks, therefore, need to ensure that the SLAs of customised end-to-end sliced services are met. This requires monitoring the resource usage and characteristics of data flows at the virtualised network core, as well as tracking the performance of the radio interfaces and UEs. A centralised monitoring architecture can not scale to support millions of UEs though. This paper, proposes a 2-stage distributed telemetry framework in which UEs act as early warning sensors. After UEs flag an anomaly, a ML model is activated, at network controller, to attribute the cause of the anomaly. The framework achieves 85% F1-score in detecting anomalies caused by different bottlenecks, and an overall 89% F1-score in attributing these bottlenecks. This accuracy of our distributed framework is similar to that of a centralised monitoring system, but with no overhead of transmitting UE-based telemetry data to the centralised controller. The study also finds that passive in-band network telemetry has the potential to replace active monitoring and can further reduce the overhead of a network monitoring system.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Journal | Transactions on Mobile Computing |
Pagination | 1–18 |
Publisher | IEEE |
ISSN | 1558-0660 |
Keywords | Anomaly, Bottleneck, classification, congestion, Mobile Cloud Network, Telemetry |
URL | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10239332 |
DOI | 10.1109/TMC.2023.3312051 |
Opportunistic CPU Sharing in Mobile Edge Computing Deploying the Cloud-RAN
IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (2023): 1.Status: Published
Opportunistic CPU Sharing in Mobile Edge Computing Deploying the Cloud-RAN
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management |
Pagination | 1 - 1 |
Date Published | september/2023 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Transactions on Network and Service Management |
ISSN | 1932-4537 |
Other Numbers | 2373-7379 |
URL | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10214346/http://xplorestaging.ieee.... |
DOI | 10.1109/TNSM.2023.3304067 |
Opportunistic CPU sharing in Mobile Edge Computing deploying the Cloud-RAN
IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (2023).Status: Accepted
Opportunistic CPU sharing in Mobile Edge Computing deploying the Cloud-RAN
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management |
Publisher | IEEE |
Keywords | Cloud-RAN, Containers, Mobile edge computing, resource management |
DOI | 10.1109/TNSM.2023.3304067 |
Towards a Lightweight Task Scheduling Framework for Cloud and Edge Platform
Internet of Things; Engineering Cyber Physical Human Systems (2023).Status: Accepted
Towards a Lightweight Task Scheduling Framework for Cloud and Edge Platform
Mobile devices are becoming ubiquitous in our daily lives, but they have limited computational capacity. Thanks to the advancement in the network infrastructure, task offloading from resource-constrained devices to the near edge and the cloud becomes possible and advantageous. Complete task offloading is now possible to almost limitless computing resources of public cloud platforms. Generally, the edge computing resources support latency-sensitive applications with limited computing resources, while the cloud supports latency-tolerant applications. This paper proposes one lightweight task-scheduling framework from cloud service provider perspective, for applications using both cloud and edge platforms. Here, the challenge is using edge and cloud resources efficiently when necessary. Such decisions have to be made quickly, with a small management overhead. Our framework aims at solving two research questions. They are: i) How to distribute tasks to the edge resource pools and multi-clouds? ii) How to manage these resource pools effectively with low overheads? To answer these two questions, we examine the performance of our proposed framework based on Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool). We have shown via simulations that RSerPool, with the correct usage and configuration of pool member selection policies, can accomplish the cloud/edge setup resource selection task with a small overhead.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Journal | Internet of Things; Engineering Cyber Physical Human Systems |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Keywords | Cloud computing, Edge Computing, Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool), Resource Pools, Task Scheduling |
Proceedings, refereed
Detecting Physical Impacts by Monitoring State of Polarisation in a Live Fibre-To-The-Home Data-Communication Air-Cable
In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS). Hamamatsu, Shizuoka/Japan: OPTICA, 2023.Status: Accepted
Detecting Physical Impacts by Monitoring State of Polarisation in a Live Fibre-To-The-Home Data-Communication Air-Cable
Heavy wind may tear cables down, damaging infrastructure, triggering outage in data-communication networks. We demonstrate local observations of wind in the access-network, monitoring State of Polarisation in a live Fiber-To-The-Home air-cable.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | GAIA, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS) |
Date Published | 11/2023 |
Publisher | OPTICA |
Place Published | Hamamatsu, Shizuoka/Japan |
Keywords | Fibre-To-The-Home, Monitoring, State of Polarisation |
A Live Demonstration of HiPerConTracer 2.0
In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM). Split/Croatia, 2023.Status: Accepted
A Live Demonstration of HiPerConTracer 2.0
HiPerConTracer is an open source tool for large-scale, long-term, high-frequency Ping and Traceroute measurements. Using such measurements, it is possible to obtain information about latency in the network, as well as about the actual routing. This proposed live demo provides an overview over the tool and its features, as well as an introduction of how to use it for performing measurements, storing the results, querying selected results, and post-processing them for visualisation.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, GAIA, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM) |
Date Published | 09/2023 |
Place Published | Split/Croatia |
Keywords | HiPerConTracer, Internet, Measurement, Round-Trip Time, Tools, Traceroute |
Towards A Data Privacy-Aware Execution Zone Creation on Cloud/Fog Platform
In Proceedings of the 49th Euromicro Conference Series on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). Durrës/Albania: IEEE, 2023.Status: Published
Towards A Data Privacy-Aware Execution Zone Creation on Cloud/Fog Platform
Cloud computing is now a `go-to' platform for running various types of application. A wide spectrum of users needing software and hardware resources have embraced the cloud. Following the cloud business model, one is either a cloud-based service provider or a cloud service (hardware and software) user. There is a continuous evolution in the cloud ecosystem to support the ever-changing features of user applications. The cloud ecosystem has added a new resource delegation model to accommodate such new requirements. This new resource delegation model is known as fog. Both cloud and fog platforms employ complex hardware and software to provide better run-time support for applications. This paper presents a message-based privacy-aware application execution zone management framework for the cloud/fog platform. The framework aims to create a static execution zone based on the performance of the user application and the data privacy requirements. It also enables the user to set the resource termination conditions. Here, we have prototyped the proposed framework and showed how the proposed approach works with message structure and experiments with the P4 switch. We also present how the prototype could be implemented on a cloud/fog platform.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, NorNet, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 49th Euromicro Conference Series on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA) |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Durrës/Albania |
Keywords | Cloud, Data, Fog, Message, Privacy, resource management |
High-Precision Round-Trip Time Measurements in the Internet with HiPerConTracer
In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM). Split, Dalmacija/Croatia: IEEE, 2023.Status: Published
High-Precision Round-Trip Time Measurements in the Internet with HiPerConTracer
Accurately measuring Round-Trip Times (RTT) for Internet communications is important for various research topics, ranging from protocol performance and congestion control to routing and network security. Unix systems, particularly Linux and FreeBSD, provide some features to obtain network packet timing information, but there is a lack of documentation for these. With High-Performance Connectivity Tracer (HiPerConTracer), there is already an open source tool for running large-scale, long-running and high-frequency ICMP Ping and Traceroute measurements. However, it lacks support of high-precision timing. As part of this paper, first the network packet timestamping features of Unix systems are analysed and introduced, to provide the reader with a detailed overview over the available methods, their usage, as well as their limitations. Then, enhancements to HiPerConTracer are presented for adding high-precision timestamping support, as well as a UDP module to also perform UDP Ping and Traceroute measurements. Finally, the newly added features are demonstrated in a proof-of-concept analysis.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, GAIA, NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM) |
Date Published | 09/2023 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Split, Dalmacija/Croatia |
Keywords | HiPerConTracer, Internet, Measurement, Packet Timestamping, Round-Trip Time, Tools |
A Scalable Infrastructure for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring for Revealing Security and Vulnerability Impacts in Optical Networks
In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL). Graz, Steiermark/Austria: IEEE, 2023.Status: Published
A Scalable Infrastructure for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring for Revealing Security and Vulnerability Impacts in Optical Networks
Optical networks are spanning the world. They are the main medium for carrying all types of data-traffic. From a vulnerability and security perspective, it is therefore the most important part of the network to protect against any physical impacts that may cause disruptions or security incidents. In this paper, we demonstrate and describe a scalable, low-cost monitoring system based on detecting the state of polarisation in the fibre cables. We give examples on how any direct movement of fibre-cables or fibre-cords as well as indirect vibrations on the cable can be detected, and how basic characteristics in the patterns can be used for recognition of these events.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, GAIA, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL) |
Date Published | 07/2023 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Graz, Steiermark/Austria |
Keywords | Hardware, Infrastructure, Monitoring, Software, State of Polarisation |
Proactive Resource Orchestration Framework for Cloud/Fog Platform
In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC). Tunis/Tunisia: IEEE, 2023.Status: Published
Proactive Resource Orchestration Framework for Cloud/Fog Platform
Cloud computing makes complex computing an off-premise activity by offering software- and hardware-based services using standard security protocols over the Internet. It has been seen that the cloud is not ideal for latency-sensitive applications. Thanks to the current growth of network communication and infrastructure, fog adds a computing resource delegation layer between the user and the cloud. Fog aims to improve latency-sensitive applications support. Here, we propose one unified, proactive resource orchestration framework from a cloud/fog service provider perspective. The framework consists of a predictor and a resource allocator module. Users subscribe to these resources to execute their applications. The framework does not require application-specific information and is modular, meaning a service provider can customise each module. We have presented the framework prototype by showing each module's simulated performance results using the parameters of our cloud/fog research test bed.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC) |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Tunis/Tunisia |
Keywords | Cloud, Fog, Orchestration, Prediction, Resource Allocation |
Publications
Proceedings, refereed
A Live Demonstration of HiPerConTracer 2.0
In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM). Split/Croatia, 2023.Status: Accepted
A Live Demonstration of HiPerConTracer 2.0
HiPerConTracer is an open source tool for large-scale, long-term, high-frequency Ping and Traceroute measurements. Using such measurements, it is possible to obtain information about latency in the network, as well as about the actual routing. This proposed live demo provides an overview over the tool and its features, as well as an introduction of how to use it for performing measurements, storing the results, querying selected results, and post-processing them for visualisation.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, GAIA, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM) |
Date Published | 09/2023 |
Place Published | Split/Croatia |
Keywords | HiPerConTracer, Internet, Measurement, Round-Trip Time, Tools, Traceroute |
A Scalable Data Collection System for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring
In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). Bucharest/Romania, 2023.Status: Published
A Scalable Data Collection System for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring
Our dependency on the telecommunication infrastructure is continuously increasing, as different infrastructures – such as energy and telecommunication – now have mutual dependencies. This calls for increased monitoring of the fibre network, which is a highly critical part of the infrastructure. State of Polarisation (SoP) of light propagating through fibre transmission systems is impacted by any vibrations and mechanical impacts on the fibre. By continuously monitoring the SoP, any unexpected movements of a fibre along a fibre-path may be traced. Movements may be caused by e.g. work in node-rooms impacting patch-cords, trawlers or other types of sub-sea equipment touching or hooking into sub-sea fibre cables, digging close to a fibre-cable, or geophysical phenomena like earthquakes. In this paper, we describe a low-cost, scalable system for SoP monitoring and give examples of patterns monitored in different types of fibre infrastructures. The monitoring system consists of single-unit rack-mount instruments connected to taps from live optical transmission signals. Each instrument has local storage for 1-2 years of data, and is periodically automatically uploading data to a server for backup and data-access purposes. Examples of observed patterns are impact from a thunderstorm on a Fibre-To-The-Home (FTTH) cable, 50 Hz on a fibre-cable spun around a high-voltage power air-cable, as well as animal impact on a patch-cord.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) |
Date Published | 07/2023 |
Place Published | Bucharest/Romania |
Keywords | Critical Infrastructure, Monitoring, State of Polarisation |
A Scalable Infrastructure for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring for Revealing Security and Vulnerability Impacts in Optical Networks
In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL). Graz, Steiermark/Austria: IEEE, 2023.Status: Published
A Scalable Infrastructure for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring for Revealing Security and Vulnerability Impacts in Optical Networks
Optical networks are spanning the world. They are the main medium for carrying all types of data-traffic. From a vulnerability and security perspective, it is therefore the most important part of the network to protect against any physical impacts that may cause disruptions or security incidents. In this paper, we demonstrate and describe a scalable, low-cost monitoring system based on detecting the state of polarisation in the fibre cables. We give examples on how any direct movement of fibre-cables or fibre-cords as well as indirect vibrations on the cable can be detected, and how basic characteristics in the patterns can be used for recognition of these events.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, GAIA, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL) |
Date Published | 07/2023 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Graz, Steiermark/Austria |
Keywords | Hardware, Infrastructure, Monitoring, Software, State of Polarisation |
Detecting Physical Impacts by Monitoring State of Polarisation in a Live Fibre-To-The-Home Data-Communication Air-Cable
In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS). Hamamatsu, Shizuoka/Japan: OPTICA, 2023.Status: Accepted
Detecting Physical Impacts by Monitoring State of Polarisation in a Live Fibre-To-The-Home Data-Communication Air-Cable
Heavy wind may tear cables down, damaging infrastructure, triggering outage in data-communication networks. We demonstrate local observations of wind in the access-network, monitoring State of Polarisation in a live Fiber-To-The-Home air-cable.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | GAIA, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS) |
Date Published | 11/2023 |
Publisher | OPTICA |
Place Published | Hamamatsu, Shizuoka/Japan |
Keywords | Fibre-To-The-Home, Monitoring, State of Polarisation |
High-Precision Round-Trip Time Measurements in the Internet with HiPerConTracer
In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM). Split, Dalmacija/Croatia: IEEE, 2023.Status: Published
High-Precision Round-Trip Time Measurements in the Internet with HiPerConTracer
Accurately measuring Round-Trip Times (RTT) for Internet communications is important for various research topics, ranging from protocol performance and congestion control to routing and network security. Unix systems, particularly Linux and FreeBSD, provide some features to obtain network packet timing information, but there is a lack of documentation for these. With High-Performance Connectivity Tracer (HiPerConTracer), there is already an open source tool for running large-scale, long-running and high-frequency ICMP Ping and Traceroute measurements. However, it lacks support of high-precision timing. As part of this paper, first the network packet timestamping features of Unix systems are analysed and introduced, to provide the reader with a detailed overview over the available methods, their usage, as well as their limitations. Then, enhancements to HiPerConTracer are presented for adding high-precision timestamping support, as well as a UDP module to also perform UDP Ping and Traceroute measurements. Finally, the newly added features are demonstrated in a proof-of-concept analysis.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, GAIA, NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM) |
Date Published | 09/2023 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Split, Dalmacija/Croatia |
Keywords | HiPerConTracer, Internet, Measurement, Packet Timestamping, Round-Trip Time, Tools |
Proactive Resource Orchestration Framework for Cloud/Fog Platform
In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC). Tunis/Tunisia: IEEE, 2023.Status: Published
Proactive Resource Orchestration Framework for Cloud/Fog Platform
Cloud computing makes complex computing an off-premise activity by offering software- and hardware-based services using standard security protocols over the Internet. It has been seen that the cloud is not ideal for latency-sensitive applications. Thanks to the current growth of network communication and infrastructure, fog adds a computing resource delegation layer between the user and the cloud. Fog aims to improve latency-sensitive applications support. Here, we propose one unified, proactive resource orchestration framework from a cloud/fog service provider perspective. The framework consists of a predictor and a resource allocator module. Users subscribe to these resources to execute their applications. The framework does not require application-specific information and is modular, meaning a service provider can customise each module. We have presented the framework prototype by showing each module's simulated performance results using the parameters of our cloud/fog research test bed.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC) |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Tunis/Tunisia |
Keywords | Cloud, Fog, Orchestration, Prediction, Resource Allocation |
Towards A Data Privacy-Aware Execution Zone Creation on Cloud/Fog Platform
In Proceedings of the 49th Euromicro Conference Series on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). Durrës/Albania: IEEE, 2023.Status: Published
Towards A Data Privacy-Aware Execution Zone Creation on Cloud/Fog Platform
Cloud computing is now a `go-to' platform for running various types of application. A wide spectrum of users needing software and hardware resources have embraced the cloud. Following the cloud business model, one is either a cloud-based service provider or a cloud service (hardware and software) user. There is a continuous evolution in the cloud ecosystem to support the ever-changing features of user applications. The cloud ecosystem has added a new resource delegation model to accommodate such new requirements. This new resource delegation model is known as fog. Both cloud and fog platforms employ complex hardware and software to provide better run-time support for applications. This paper presents a message-based privacy-aware application execution zone management framework for the cloud/fog platform. The framework aims to create a static execution zone based on the performance of the user application and the data privacy requirements. It also enables the user to set the resource termination conditions. Here, we have prototyped the proposed framework and showed how the proposed approach works with message structure and experiments with the P4 switch. We also present how the prototype could be implemented on a cloud/fog platform.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, NorNet, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 49th Euromicro Conference Series on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA) |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Durrës/Albania |
Keywords | Cloud, Data, Fog, Message, Privacy, resource management |
Journal Article
Bottleneck Identification in Cloudified Mobile Networks based on Distributed Telemetry
Transactions on Mobile Computing (2023): 1-18.Status: Published
Bottleneck Identification in Cloudified Mobile Networks based on Distributed Telemetry
Cloudified mobile networks are expected to deliver a multitude of services with reduced capital and operating expenses. A characteristic example is 5G networks serving several slices in parallel. Such mobile networks, therefore, need to ensure that the SLAs of customised end-to-end sliced services are met. This requires monitoring the resource usage and characteristics of data flows at the virtualised network core, as well as tracking the performance of the radio interfaces and UEs. A centralised monitoring architecture can not scale to support millions of UEs though. This paper, proposes a 2-stage distributed telemetry framework in which UEs act as early warning sensors. After UEs flag an anomaly, a ML model is activated, at network controller, to attribute the cause of the anomaly. The framework achieves 85% F1-score in detecting anomalies caused by different bottlenecks, and an overall 89% F1-score in attributing these bottlenecks. This accuracy of our distributed framework is similar to that of a centralised monitoring system, but with no overhead of transmitting UE-based telemetry data to the centralised controller. The study also finds that passive in-band network telemetry has the potential to replace active monitoring and can further reduce the overhead of a network monitoring system.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Journal | Transactions on Mobile Computing |
Pagination | 1–18 |
Publisher | IEEE |
ISSN | 1558-0660 |
Keywords | Anomaly, Bottleneck, classification, congestion, Mobile Cloud Network, Telemetry |
URL | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10239332 |
DOI | 10.1109/TMC.2023.3312051 |
Towards a Lightweight Task Scheduling Framework for Cloud and Edge Platform
Internet of Things; Engineering Cyber Physical Human Systems (2023).Status: Accepted
Towards a Lightweight Task Scheduling Framework for Cloud and Edge Platform
Mobile devices are becoming ubiquitous in our daily lives, but they have limited computational capacity. Thanks to the advancement in the network infrastructure, task offloading from resource-constrained devices to the near edge and the cloud becomes possible and advantageous. Complete task offloading is now possible to almost limitless computing resources of public cloud platforms. Generally, the edge computing resources support latency-sensitive applications with limited computing resources, while the cloud supports latency-tolerant applications. This paper proposes one lightweight task-scheduling framework from cloud service provider perspective, for applications using both cloud and edge platforms. Here, the challenge is using edge and cloud resources efficiently when necessary. Such decisions have to be made quickly, with a small management overhead. Our framework aims at solving two research questions. They are: i) How to distribute tasks to the edge resource pools and multi-clouds? ii) How to manage these resource pools effectively with low overheads? To answer these two questions, we examine the performance of our proposed framework based on Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool). We have shown via simulations that RSerPool, with the correct usage and configuration of pool member selection policies, can accomplish the cloud/edge setup resource selection task with a small overhead.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Journal | Internet of Things; Engineering Cyber Physical Human Systems |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Keywords | Cloud computing, Edge Computing, Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool), Resource Pools, Task Scheduling |
Technical reports
Norske mobilnett i 2022
In Tilstandsrapport fra Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Center for Resilient Networks and Applications. Oslo, Norway: Simula, 2023.Status: Published
Norske mobilnett i 2022
Denne rapporten er utarbeidet av Center for Resilient Networks and Applications (CRNA), som er en del av Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering. CRNA driver grunnleggende forskning innen robusthet og sikkerhet i nettverk med mandat og finansiering fra kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet. Senteret produserer en årlig rapport om tilstanden i norske mobilnett. Årets rapport er den tiende i rekken.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Technical reports |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Secondary Title | Tilstandsrapport fra Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Date Published | 05/2023 |
Publisher | Simula |
Place Published | Oslo, Norway |
ISBN Number | 978-82-92593-38-7 |
Keywords | Mobile networks, Performance, Stability |
Notes | |
URL | https://www.simulamet.no/sites/default/files/norske_mobilnett2022.pdf |
Research Notes |
Proceedings, refereed
A Live Demonstration of In-Band Telemetry in OSM-Orchestrated Core Networks
In Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). Edmonton, Alberta/Canada: IEEE, 2022.Status: Published
A Live Demonstration of In-Band Telemetry in OSM-Orchestrated Core Networks
Network Function Virtualization is a key enabler to building future mobile networks in a flexible and cost-efficient way. Such a network is expected to manage and maintain itself with least human intervention. With early deployments of the fifth generation of mobile technologies – 5G – around the world, setting up 4G/5G experimental infrastructures is necessary to optimally design Self-Organising Networks (SON). In this demo, we present a custom small-scale 4G/5G testbed. As a step towards self-healing, the testbed integrates four Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors (P4) virtual switches, that are placed along interfaces between different components of transport and core network. This demo not only shows the administration and monitoring of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) VNF components, using Open Source MANO, but also as a proof of concept for the potential of P4-based telemetry in detecting anomalous behaviour of the mobile network, such as a congestion in the transport part.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2022 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN) |
Pagination | 245–247 |
Date Published | 09/2022 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Edmonton, Alberta/Canada |
ISBN Number | 978-1-6654-8001-7 |
Keywords | Anomaly detection, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Open Source MANO (OSM), P4, Telemetry |
Find Out: How Do Your Data Packets Travel?
In Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). Thessaloniki, Greece: IEEE, 2022.Status: Published
Find Out: How Do Your Data Packets Travel?
In today's communication-centric world, users generate and exchange a huge amount of data. The Internet helps user data to travel from one part of the world to another via a complex setting of network systems. These systems are intelligent, heterogeneous, and non-transparent to users. In this paper, we present an extensive trace-driven study of user data traffic covering five years of observations, six large ISPs, 21 different autonomous systems, and a total of 13 countries. The aim of this work is to make users aware about how their data travels in the Internet, as the data traffic path is majorly influenced by the interests of ISPs. We showed that shortest land distance between the two countries does not impact data path selection, while data traffic prefers to travel even though country do not share land borders.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2022 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) |
Date Published | 11/2022 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Thessaloniki, Greece |
ISBN Number | 978-3-903176-51-5 |
Keywords | connectivity, Data, Internet, Packets, Routing, Traffic Paths |
Load Distribution for Mobile Edge Computing with Reliable Server Pooling
In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA). Sydney, New South Wales/Australia: Springer, 2022.Status: Published
Load Distribution for Mobile Edge Computing with Reliable Server Pooling
Energy-efficient computing model is a popular choice for high performance as well as throughput oriented computing ecosystems. Mobile (computing) devices are becoming increasingly ubiquitous to our computing domain, but with limited resources (true both for computation as well as for energy). Hence, workload offloading from resource-constrained mobile devices to the Edge and maybe (later) to the cloud become necessary as well as useful. Thanks to the persistent technical breakthroughs in global wireless standards (or in mobile networks) together with the almost limitless amount of resources in public cloud platforms, workload offloading is possible and cheaper. In such scenarios, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) resources could be provisioned in proximity to the users for supporting latency-sensitive applications. Here, two relevant problems could be: i) How to distribute workload to the resource pools of MEC as well as public (multi-)clouds? ii) How to manage such resource pools effectively? To answer these problems in this paper, we examine the performance of our proposed approach using the Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) framework in more detail. We also have outlined the resource pool management policies to effectively use RSerPool for workload offloading from mobile devices into the cloud/MEC ecosystem.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2022 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA) |
Publisher | Springer |
Place Published | Sydney, New South Wales/Australia |
Keywords | Cloud computing, Load Distribution, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), Multi-Cloud Computing, Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool), Serverless Computing |
Network Path Integrity Verification using Deterministic Delay Measurements
In TMA Conference 2022. IEEE/IFIP, 2022.Status: Published
Network Path Integrity Verification using Deterministic Delay Measurements
With the intuition that every device on the data path contributes to the end-to-end delay, we propose a simple and deterministic measurement-based approach for detecting the insertion of a layer-2 switch on the data path of a network operator.
For this purpose, we use commodity hardware and the standard ping tool for collecting ICMP RTTs.
To minimise inaccuracies in the measurements, we increase timing determinism on both ICMP source and target by using a real-time kernel on both, a dedicated source (a Linux server) and target (an RPI4 with custom image). Additionally, we manipulate real-time attributes for prioritising the ping process. By using this approach on different loaded networks: lab, campus network, research and education network and an ISP, we are able to reliably detect that a switch was added at the end of the path or within it.
Our method yields an excellent performance on networks with considerable cross traffic as well as lightly loaded networks.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, GAIA |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2022 |
Conference Name | TMA Conference 2022 |
Publisher | IEEE/IFIP |
ISBN Number | 978-3-903176-47-8 |
Keywords | alien switch, deterministic RTT, network |
Towards a Blockchain and Fog-Based Proactive Data Distribution Framework for ICN
In Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT). Sendai/Japan, 2022.Status: Published
Towards a Blockchain and Fog-Based Proactive Data Distribution Framework for ICN
Most of today's IP traffic is cloud traffic. Due to a vast, complex and non-transparent Internet infrastructure, securely accessing and delegating data is not a trivial task. Existing technologies of Information-Centric Networking (ICN) make content distribution and access easy while primarily relying on the existing cloud-based security features. The primary aim of ICN is to make data independent of its storage location and application. ICN builds upon traditional distributed computing, which means ICN platforms also can suffer from similar data security issues as distributed computing platforms. We present our ongoing work to develop a secure, proactive data distribution framework. The framework answers the research question, i.e., How to extend online data protection with a secure data distribution model for the ICN platform? Our framework adds a data protection layer over the content distribution network, using blockchain and relying on the fog to distribute the contents with low latency. Our framework is different from the existing works in multiple aspects, such as i) data are primarily distributed from the fog nodes, ii) blockchain is used to protect data and iii) blockchain allows statistical and other information sharing among stakeholders (such as content creators) following access rights. Sharing statistics about content distribution activity can bring transparency and trustworthiness among the stakeholders, including the subscribers, into the ICN platforms. We showed such a framework is possible by presenting initial performance results and our reflections while implementing it on a cloud/fog research testbed.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, GAIA |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2022 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT) |
Place Published | Sendai/Japan |
Keywords | blockchain, Data, Distribution, Fog, ICN, Protection |
Towards a Privacy Preserving Data Flow Control via Packet Header Marking
In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on High Performance Computing, Data, and Analytics (HPCC). Chengdu, Sichuan/People's Republic of China: IEEE, 2022.Status: Published
Towards a Privacy Preserving Data Flow Control via Packet Header Marking
{Computing infrastructure is becoming ubiquitous thanks to the advancement in computing and the network domain. Reliable network communication is essential to offer good quality services, but it is not trivial. There are privacy concerns. Metadata may leak user information even if traffic is encrypted. Some countries have data privacy preserving-related regulations, but end-users cannot control through which path, networks, and hardware their data packets should travel. Even worse, the user cannot declare their privacy preferences. This paper presents an approach to tackle such privacy issues through data privacy-aware routing. The user can specify their preferences for packet routing using marking and filtering. Routing can work according to such specifications. It is implemented by P4, allowing a vendor-independent realisation with standard off-the-shelf hardware and open-source software components. We presented the initial experimental results of a proof-of-concept run on a unified cloud/fog research testbed.}
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, GAIA |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2022 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on High Performance Computing, Data, and Analytics (HPCC) |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Chengdu, Sichuan/People's Republic of China |
Keywords | Cloud, Data, Fog, P4, Packets, Privacy, Routing |
Journal Article
AI Anomaly Detection for Cloudified Mobile Core Architectures
Transactions on Network and Service Management (2022).Status: Published
AI Anomaly Detection for Cloudified Mobile Core Architectures
IT systems monitoring is a crucial process for managing and orchestrating network resources, allowing network providers to rapidly detect and react to most impediment causing network degradation. However, the high growth in size and complexity of current operational networks (2022) demands new solutions to process huge amounts of data (including alarms) reliably and swiftly. Further, as the network becomes progressively more virtualized, the hosting of nfv on cloud environments adds a magnitude of possible bottlenecks outside the control of the service owners. In this paper, we propose two deep learning anomaly detection solutions that leverage service exposure and apply it to automate the detection of service degradation and root cause discovery in a cloudified mobile network that is orchestrated by ETSI OSM. A testbed is built to validate these AI models. The testbed collects monitoring data from the OSM monitoring module, which is then exposed to the external AI anomaly detection modules, tuned to identify the anomalies and the network services causing them. The deep learning solutions are tested using various artificially induced bottlenecks. The AI solutions are shown to correctly detect anomalies and identify the network components involved in the bottlenecks, with certain limitations in a particular type of bottlenecks. A discussion of the right monitoring tools to identify concrete bottlenecks is provided.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2022 |
Journal | Transactions on Network and Service Management |
Date Published | 08/2022 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Los Alamitos, California/U.S.A. |
ISSN | 1932-4537 |
Keywords | 5G, AI, Anomaly detection, Autoencoders, deep learning, Mobile networks, Smart Networks |
DOI | 10.1109/TNSM.2022.3203246 |
Secure Embedded Living: Towards a Self-contained User Data Preserving Framework
IEEE Communications Magazine 60, no. 11 (2022): 74-80.Status: Published
Secure Embedded Living: Towards a Self-contained User Data Preserving Framework
Smart living represents the hardware-software co-inhabiting with humans for better living standards and improved well-being. Here, hardware monitors human activities (by collecting data) specific to a context. Such data can be processed to offer context-specific valuable insights. Such insights can be used for optimising the well-being, living experience and energy cost of smart homes. This paper proposes a Secure Embedded Living Framework (SELF) that enforces a privacy-preserving data control mechanism by integrating multiple technologies, such as Internet-of-thing, cloud/fog platform, machine learning and blockchain. The primary aim of the SELF is to allow the user to retain more control of its data.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2022 |
Journal | IEEE Communications Magazine |
Volume | 60 |
Issue | 11 |
Pagination | 74–80 |
Date Published | 11/2022 |
Publisher | IEEE |
ISSN | 0163-6804 |
Keywords | blockchain, Cloud, Data, IoTs, Security, User |
DOI | 10.1109/MCOM.001.2200165 |
Talks, contributed
Detecting Issues with In-Band Telemetry in OSM-Orchestrated Core Networks
In ETSI, Virtual. Virtual: ETSI, 2022.Status: Published
Detecting Issues with In-Band Telemetry in OSM-Orchestrated Core Networks
Open Source MANO is a helpful tool to manage and orchestrate the instantiation of core network setups, like Network Service (NS) instances of our SimulaMet OpenAirInterface Virtual Network Function (VNF) for Enhanced Packet Cores (EPC). We furthermore extended our NS with VNF instances of Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors (P4) switches, in order to allow for in-band telemetry. With in-band telemetry, it is possible to flexibly add, process, and remove telemetry information to traffic within the packet core, in order to allow for fine-granular evaluation of the system performance and the users' experienced quality of service. In our presentation and demo, we would like to provide an overview of our ongoing work on P4-based in-band telemetry in an OSM-orchestrated 4G core, which is used for detecting performance problems and anomalies in the network based on machine learning. We would furthermore like to demonstrate the details of our setup to the audience in a live demo.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NorNet, 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure |
Publication Type | Talks, contributed |
Year of Publication | 2022 |
Location of Talk | ETSI, Virtual |
Publisher | ETSI |
Place Published | Virtual |
Type of Talk | Demo presentation |
Keywords | Anomaly detection, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Open Source MANO (OSM), P4, Telemetry |
URL | http://osm-download.etsi.org/ftp/osm-11.0-eleven/OSM13_Ecosystem_Day/OSM... |
NorNet – A Linux- and Open-Source-Software-based International Platform for Networking Research
In Linux Conference Australia, Virtual. Melbourne, Australia: Linux Conference Australia, 2022.Status: Published
NorNet – A Linux- and Open-Source-Software-based International Platform for Networking Research
The NorNet testbed (https://www.nntb.no) is an Internet testbed platform for research on multi-homed systems. The particular property of multi-homed systems is to be connected to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP) simultaneously. Its initial purpose is of course to still provide connectivity in case of ISP/network failures. But does it really work that well, also with current protocols and applications? And redundancy does not come for free. A user connected to multiple ISPs will also receive multiple Internet bills each month. So, is there a possibility to make further use of multi-homing in the usual case where nothing goes wrong? Obviously, there are a lot of interesting research questions, which need to be examined in realistic Internet setups! Therefore, we are building up the NorNet open Internet testbed platform as a Linux- and Open-Source-software-based infrastructure, which currently spreads over multiple sites in different countries.
NorNet makes extensive use of advanced Linux features like Kernel-based Virtualisation (KVM), Linux Containers (LXC), BTRFS file system features, IP routing rules, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), and many more. The goal of this talk is therefore to present an overview of the testbed, its underlying Linux features, and how they are combined to provide the multi-homing features to the various testbed users. This particularly includes an overview of how to make use of multi-path transport with MPTCP – based on the Linux MPTCP implementation – in multi-homed environments. The idea is to provide guidelines for also utilising multi-homing features in own projects.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , GAIA |
Publication Type | Talks, contributed |
Year of Publication | 2022 |
Location of Talk | Linux Conference Australia, Virtual |
Publisher | Linux Conference Australia |
Place Published | Melbourne, Australia |
Keywords | Linux, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, Open Source, Testbed |
URL | https://lca2022.linux.org.au/schedule/presentation/52/ |
Technical reports
Norske mobilnett i 2021 – Tilstandsrapport fra Centre for Resilient Networks and Applications
Oslo/Norway: Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Centre for Resilient Networks and Applications (CRNA), 2022.Status: Published
Norske mobilnett i 2021 – Tilstandsrapport fra Centre for Resilient Networks and Applications
Denne rapporten er utarbeidet av Center for Resilient Networks and Applications (CRNA), som er en del av Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering. CRNA driver grunn- leggende forskning innen robusthet og sikker- het i nettverk med mandat og finansiering fra Kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet. Senteret produserer en årlig rapport om tilstan- den i norske mobilnett. Årets rapport er den niende i rekken.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Technical reports |
Year of Publication | 2022 |
Publisher | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Centre for Resilient Networks and Applications (CRNA) |
Place Published | Oslo/Norway |
ISBN Number | 82-92593-36-5 |
URL | https://www.simula.no/sites/default/files/norske_mobilnett_i_2021.pdf |
Proceedings, refereed
A Demo of Workload Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing Using the Reliable Server Pooling Framework
In Proceedings of the 46th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: IEEE Computer Society, 2021.Status: Published
A Demo of Workload Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing Using the Reliable Server Pooling Framework
Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) places cloud resources nearby the user, to provide support for latency-sensitive applications. Offloading workload from resource-constrained mobile devices (such as smartphones) into the cloud ecosystem is becoming increasingly popular. In this demonstration, we show how to deploy a mobile network (with OpenAirInterface and Open Source MANO), as well as to adapt the Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) framework to efficiently manage MEC as well as multi-cloud resources to run an interactive demo application.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing, 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2021 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 46th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN) |
Date Published | 10/2021 |
Publisher | IEEE Computer Society |
Place Published | Edmonton, Alberta, Canada |
Keywords | Demonstration, Evolved Packet Core (EPC), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), Multi-Cloud Computing, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) |
URL | https://www.ieeelcn.org/lcn46demos/Demo_4_1570754367.pdf |
An Exposed Closed-Loop Model for Customer-Driven Service Assurance Automation
In 2021 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit). Porto, Portugal: IEEE Computer Society, 2021.Status: Published
An Exposed Closed-Loop Model for Customer-Driven Service Assurance Automation
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely applied in telecommunications to enable zero-touch automation in network operation and service management. Due to the high complexity, deploying advanced AI mechanisms is not always feasible inside the operator’s network domains. Instead, via service exposures, it becomes possible for vertical customers to integrate their external AI solutions with the network and service management system to form a closed loop (CL) and contribute to the automation process. In this paper, we propose an exposed CL model based on service exposure and apply it to automate service assurance tasks like autoscaling in a network function virtualization (NFV) system orchestrated by ETSI Open Source MANO (OSM). A testbed is built to validate the model. It collects monitoring data from the OSM monitoring module and external monitoring tools. Vertical customers drive and customize their AI solutions to aggregate these data sets and run analytics to detect and predict anomalies prepared for scaling. Preliminary analysis demonstrates the added values of customer-driven monitoring and analysis via the exposed CL.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2021 |
Conference Name | 2021 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit) |
Pagination | 419–424 |
Date Published | 06/2021 |
Publisher | IEEE Computer Society |
Place Published | Porto, Portugal |
ISBN Number | 978-1-6654-1526-2 |
Keywords | Autonomous Management, Closed Loop, Machine learning, Monitoring, Service Exposure |
DOI | 10.1109/EuCNC/6GSummit51104.2021.9482533 |
Reliable Server Pooling Based Workload Offloading with Mobile Edge Computing: A Proof-of-Concept
In Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2021). Springer, 2021.Status: Published
Reliable Server Pooling Based Workload Offloading with Mobile Edge Computing: A Proof-of-Concept
In recent times, mobile broadband devices have become almost ubiquitous. However, battery-powered devices (such as smartphones), have limitations on energy consumption, computation power and storage space. Cloud computing, and in particular with the upcoming 5G networks, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) can provide compute and storage services at the vicinity of the user (with a low communication latency). However, the complexity lies in how to simply and efficiently realise MEC services, with the auxiliary public (multi-)cloud resources? In this paper, we propose a proof-of-concept of using Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) as a light-weight layer of managing resource pools and handling application sessions with these pools. Our approach is simple, efficient, has low overhead and is available as open-source. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of our approach by measuring in a test setup, with a 4G testbed connected to MEC and public multi-cloud resources.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2021 |
Conference Name | Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2021) |
Pagination | 582-593 |
Publisher | Springer |
Keywords | 5G, Evolved Packet Core (EPC), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), Multi-Cloud Computing, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) |
Journal Article
A Multi-Parameter Comprehensive Optimized Algorithm for MPTCP Networks
Electronics 10, no. 16 (2021).Status: Published
A Multi-Parameter Comprehensive Optimized Algorithm for MPTCP Networks
With the increasing deployment of the Multi-Path Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) in heterogeneous network setups, there is a need to understand how its performance is affected in practice both by traditional factors such as round-trip time measurements, buffer predictive modelling and by calculating the impact factors of network subflows. Studies have shown that path management and packet scheduling have a large effect on overall performance and required limited resources with different congestion control parameters. Unfortunately, most of the previous studies have focused almost exclusively on the improvement of a single parameter, without a holistic view. To deal with this issue effectively, this paper puts forward a Multi-Parameter Comprehensive Optimized Algorithm (MPCOA), which can find the smaller buffer size and select the appropriate congestion control and path management algorithm on the premise of ensuring larger throughput. Experiments of three scenarios show that MPCOA can save the buffer space and subflow resources, and achieve high throughput. Meanwhile, a set of quantitative improvement results given by MPCOA is convenient for us to evaluate the quality of MPTCP network, and provide reference for our ongoing future work, like for 4G/5G, Internet of Things and Star Link networks.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, GAIA |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2021 |
Journal | Electronics |
Volume | 10 |
Issue | 16 |
Date Published | 08/2021 |
Publisher | MDPI |
Place Published | Basel/Switzerland |
ISSN | 2079-9292 |
Keywords | Buffer Size, congestion control, MPCOA, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Path Management |
URL | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/16/1942/pdf |
DOI | 10.3390/electronics10161942 |
A Multi-Perspective Study of Internet Performance during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Arxiv (2021).Status: Published
A Multi-Perspective Study of Internet Performance during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, GAIA |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2021 |
Journal | Arxiv |
Publisher | Arxiv |
Place Published | Arrxiv.org |
Keywords | COVID, Internet, network |
DOI | 10.48550/arXiv.2101.05030 |
Book
AI and ML – Enablers for Beyond 5G Networks
Online: 5G PPP Technology Board, 2021.Status: Published
AI and ML – Enablers for Beyond 5G Networks
This white paper on AI and ML as enablers of beyond 5G (B5G) networks is based on contributions from almost 20 5G PPP projects, coordinated through the 5G PPP Technology Board, that research, implement and validate 5G and B5G network systems. The paper introduces the main relevant mechanisms in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), currently investigated and exploited for enhancing 5G and B5G networks.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Book |
Year of Publication | 2021 |
Date Published | 05/2021 |
Publisher | 5G PPP Technology Board |
Place Published | Online |
URL | https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/AI-MLforNetworks-v1-0.pdf |
DOI | 10.5281/zenodo.429989 |
Talks, contributed
Demonstration of P4-Based In-Band Telemetry for OSM-Orchestrated 4G/5G Testbeds
In OSM #12 Ecosystem Day (virtual), 2021.Status: Published
Demonstration of P4-Based In-Band Telemetry for OSM-Orchestrated 4G/5G Testbeds
The SimulaMet OpenAirInterface VNF provides an OpenAirInterface-based Enhanced Packet Core (EPC), with separate VDUs for HSS, MME, SPGW-C and SPGW-U. To allow for advanced in-band telemetry, we have extended this VNF to add switches with Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors (P4) to all relevant virtual links inside the EPC. P4 allows full programability of the packet forwarding behaviour, and especially allows to extend packets with additional information for in-band telemetry. This information can be read by other P4 instances to allow for fine-granular performance data collection. In this presentation and live demonstration, we would like show the solutions chosen to efficiently use OSM for handling our extended EPC, and in particular we would like to highlight the possibilities to perform P4-based in-band telemetry to evaluate the performance of the mobile network. Finally, we would also like to show the audience a live demo of our testbed setup with telemetry collection.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Talks, contributed |
Year of Publication | 2021 |
Location of Talk | OSM #12 Ecosystem Day (virtual) |
Type of Talk | Demo presentation |
Keywords | 5G, In-Band Telemetry, Network Function Virtualisation, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface, P4 |
Talk, keynote
NorNet at Hainan University in 2021: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research — A Remote Presentation
In Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, 2021.Status: Published
NorNet at Hainan University in 2021: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research — A Remote Presentation
A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today's network devices, like smartphones and laptops — i.e. particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing — frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet. This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University in 2021.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Talk, keynote |
Year of Publication | 2021 |
Location of Talk | Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
Date Published | 01/2021 |
Place Published | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
Talks, invited
NorNet at Hainan University in 2021: Getting Started with NorNet Core — A Remote Tutorial
In Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, 2021.Status: Published
NorNet at Hainan University in 2021: Getting Started with NorNet Core — A Remote Tutorial
This tutorial — presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University — provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed in 2021.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2021 |
Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
Place Published | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
Keywords | Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial |
Proceedings, refereed
A 4G/5G Packet Core as VNF with Open Source MANO and OpenAirInterface
In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM). Hvar, Dalmacija/Croatia: IEEE, 2020.Status: Published
A 4G/5G Packet Core as VNF with Open Source MANO and OpenAirInterface
5G, the fifth generation of mobile broadband networks, is going to make a large range of new applications possible. However, further research is necessary, and the basic step, i.e. setting up a 4G/5G testbed infrastructure, is a complicated and error-prone task. In this abstract and poster, we introduce our open source SimulaMet EPC Virtual Network Function (VNF), as an easy way to set up a 4G/5G testbed based on Open Source MANO and OpenAirInterface. We would like to showcase how a researcher can use our VNF as part of his own research testbed setup. Therefore, the focus is particularly on the user interface details and features of the SimulaMet EPC VNF.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2020 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM) |
Date Published | 09/2020 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Hvar, Dalmacija/Croatia |
Keywords | Evolved Packet Core (EPC), Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Open Source MANO (OSM), OpenAirInterface, Testbed, Virtual Network Function (VNF) |
AI-Driven Closed-Loop Service Assurance with Service Exposures
In Proceedings of the 29th IEEE European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC). Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik-Neretva/Croatia: IEEE Computer Society, 2020.Status: Published
AI-Driven Closed-Loop Service Assurance with Service Exposures
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely applied in mobile and wireless networks to enhance network operation and service management. Advanced AI mechanisms often require high level of network service exposure in order to access data from as many network elements as possible and execute the AI recommended outcomes into the networks. However, in practice, it is not always feasible to expose the network services to 3rd parties or customers with AI ambitions. Considering that service assurance (SA) is a major area to which AI is applied, this paper describes how a closed-loop SA architecture is associated with the service exposure model in the 5G networks with network slicing. Then we investigate the impact and implication of service exposure on SA. Finally, a set of experiment results are provided to demonstrate the trade-off relationship between the AI ambition and the exposure level in SA.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2020 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 29th IEEE European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC) |
Pagination | 265-270 |
Date Published | 06/2020 |
Publisher | IEEE Computer Society |
Place Published | Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik-Neretva/Croatia |
Keywords | AI, Service Assurance, Service Exposure |
Efficient Network Coding for Satellite Applications: A Live Demo of HENCSAT and NECTOR
In Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). Sydney, New South Wales/Australia: IEEE Computer Society, 2020.Status: Published
Efficient Network Coding for Satellite Applications: A Live Demo of HENCSAT and NECTOR
Satellite communication is available anywhere on earth, allowing connectivity to systems like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in very remote geographical areas. However, satellite airtime is expensive, and a reduction of the amount of transmitted data can lead to significant cost savings. The goal of the Highly-Efficient Network Coding for Satellite Applications (HENCSAT) project is to reduce such costs by using our approach Network Coding with Torrents (NECTOR). NECTOR combines network coding, Torrent-based transmission, and H.265 highly efficient video encoding. In our demonstration, we would like to showcase NECTOR in an interactive HENCSAT test bench setup.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, HENCSAT: Network Coding Protocols for Satellite Terminals with Multiple Logical Paths, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2020 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN) |
Date Published | 11/2020 |
Publisher | IEEE Computer Society |
Place Published | Sydney, New South Wales/Australia |
Keywords | HENCSAT, Live Demo, NECTOR, Network Coding, Satellite Communications, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles |
Flexible 4G/5G Testbed Setup for Mobile Edge Computing using OpenAirInterface and Open Source MANO
In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 34th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA). Caserta, Campania/Italy: Springer, 2020.Status: Published
Flexible 4G/5G Testbed Setup for Mobile Edge Computing using OpenAirInterface and Open Source MANO
Setting up a working 4G/5G mobile network development testbed can be a highly complicated and error-prone task. In this paper, we therefore introduce our open source Virtual Network Function (VNF) for an OpenAirInterface-based Evolved Packet Core (EPC) for deployment with the Open Source Management and Orchestration (Open Source MANO, OSM) framework. By using our VNF as basis, it will be easily possible to create own testbeds and extend them with further functionality, particularly – but not limited to – Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) setups. In a simple proof of concept, we demonstrate a basic transport protocol performance evaluation in a deployed test network.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2020 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 34th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA) |
Publisher | Springer |
Place Published | Caserta, Campania/Italy |
Keywords | 5G, Evolved Packet Core, Mobile edge computing, Network Function Virtualisation, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface |
HiPerConTracer - A Versatile Tool for IP Connectivity Tracing in Multi-Path Setups
In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM). Hvar, Dalmacija/Croatia: IEEE, 2020.Status: Published
HiPerConTracer - A Versatile Tool for IP Connectivity Tracing in Multi-Path Setups
Nowadays, we see a steadily increasing number of Internet devices with connections to multiple networks. For example, every smartphone provides mobile broadband and Wi-Fi connectivity. Multi-path transport protocols, like MPTCP, CMT-SCTP or Multipath-QUIC, allow for utilising all connected networks simultaneously. However, while there is a lot of research on the Transport Layer aspects of multi-path transport, there is not much work on the Network Layer perspective, yet.
In this paper, we introduce our Open Source tool HiPerConTracer (High-Performance Connectivity Tracer) for efficient, parallelised, long-term measurements of the path connectivity characteristics among multi-homed Internet systems. HiPerConTracer is now running as a permanent feature in the NorNet Core infrastructure, which is used for research on multi-homed systems, and in particular for research on multi-path transport. Based on the HiPerConTracer data collected in NorNet Core so far, we finally present some interesting results from the analysis of the inter-continental site connectivity between China and Norway in January 2020.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2020 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM) |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Hvar, Dalmacija/Croatia |
Keywords | HiPerConTracer, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Ping, Traceroute |
Improvement and Implementation of a Multi-Path Management Algorithm Based on MPTCP
In Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). Sydney, New South Wales/Australia: IEEE Computer Society, 2020.Status: Published
Improvement and Implementation of a Multi-Path Management Algorithm Based on MPTCP
The core idea of Multi-Path Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) is to share network resources by distributing payload data transmission among multiple subflows. Then, multiple paths in the underlying network can be used to maximize the overall connection throughput. However, the concurrent transmission of not all subflows aggregation can improve network performance, because of the performance difference of each subflow. In this paper, we propose a new FullMesh algorithm based on Path Characteristic and Data Characteristic (PCDC), in which the Subflow Impact Factor (IF) is used as a subflow characteristic to predict the impact of the subflow on the overall throughput. Then, different path sets are adopted for different sizes of traffic. The PCDC algorithm is evaluated in the NorNet Core testbed, compared with the FullMesh algorithm. Our research results show that the PCDC algorithm can improve the network throughput, and reduce the overall completion time of small data streams.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NorNet, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2020 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN) |
Date Published | 11/2020 |
Publisher | IEEE Computer Society |
Place Published | Sydney, New South Wales/Australia |
Keywords | Data Stream Classification, MPTCP, Multi-path Management, PCDC, Subflow Impact Factor |
Integrating Cloud-RAN with Packet Core as VNF Using Open Source MANO and OpenAirInterface
In Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). Sydney, New South Wales/Australia: IEEE Computer Society, 2020.Status: Published
Integrating Cloud-RAN with Packet Core as VNF Using Open Source MANO and OpenAirInterface
The Cloud-based Radio Access Network (Cloud-RAN) architecture and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are key enablers to building future mobile networks in a flexible and cost-efficient way. With early deployments of the fifth generation of mobile technologies - 5G - around the world, setting up 4G/5G experimental infrastructures is necessary to optimally design 5G networks. In this demo, we present a custom small-scale 4G/5G testbed based on OpenAirInterface and Open Source MANO. The testbed integrates a Cloud-RAN based on switched Ethernet Xhaul and functional splitting, with an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) deployed as a Virtual Network Function (VNF) in a cloud infrastructure. Using Open Source MANO, this demo shows the administration and monitoring of the EPC VNF components. Moreover, as proof of concept, collection and visualization of telemetry will be shown for two smart-phones connected to the network through the Cloud-RAN.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NorNet, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2020 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN) |
Date Published | 11/2020 |
Publisher | IEEE Computer Society |
Place Published | Sydney, New South Wales/Australia |
Keywords | Cloud Radio Access Network (Cloud-RAN), Ethernet Xhaul, Fronthaul, Functional Splits, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Open Source MANO (OSM) |
On the Accuracy of Country-Level IP Geolocation
In Applied Networking Research Workshop (ANRW). Madrid/Spain: ACM, 2020.Status: Published
On the Accuracy of Country-Level IP Geolocation
The proliferation of online services comprised of globally spread microservices has security and performance implications. Understanding the underlying physical paths connecting end points has become important. This paper investigates the accuracy of commonly used IP geolocation approaches in geolocating end-to-end IP paths. To this end, we perform a controlled measurement study to collect IP level paths. We find that existing databases tend to geolocate IPs that belong to networks with global presence and those move between networks erroneously. A small percentage of IP geolocation disagreement between databases results in a significant disagreement when geolocating end-to-end paths. Geolocating one week of RIPE traceroute data validates our observations.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | GAIA, NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2020 |
Conference Name | Applied Networking Research Workshop (ANRW) |
Date Published | 07/2020 |
Publisher | ACM |
Place Published | Madrid/Spain |
ISBN Number | 978-1-4503-8039-3 |
Keywords | Geolocation Approaches, Geolocation Databases, IP Geolocation |
DOI | 10.1145/3404868.3406664 |
Resilient Hybrid SatCom and Terrestrial Networking for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
In Proceedings of the 39th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), International Workshop on Wireless Sensor, Robot and UAV Networks (WiSARN). Toronto, Ontario/Canada: IEEE, 2020.Status: Published
Resilient Hybrid SatCom and Terrestrial Networking for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Today, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in many different scenarios including search, monitoring, inspection, and surveillance. To be able to transmit the sensor data from the UAVs to the destination reliably within tangible response times to the relevant content is crucial, especially for tactical use cases. In this paper, we propose network coded torrents (NECTOR) to leverage multiple network interfaces for resilient hybrid satellite communications (SatCom) and terrestrial networking for UAVs. NECTOR is significantly different from the state-of-the-art multipath protocols such as multipath TCP (MPTCP) as it does not require any additional packet scheduler, rate-adaptation or forward error correction. We present the design and implementation of NECTOR, and evaluate its performance compared to MPTCP. Our experimental results show that NECTOR provides goodput (up to 70%) higher than MPTCP with 5.49 times less signaling overhead.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | HENCSAT: Network Coding Protocols for Satellite Terminals with Multiple Logical Paths, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2020 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 39th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), International Workshop on Wireless Sensor, Robot and UAV Networks (WiSARN) |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Toronto, Ontario/Canada |
Talks, invited
Custom-Made Enhanced Packet Cores as Network Services for 4G/5G Testbeds managed with Open Source MANO
In M5G-2020-Workshop (Online), 2020.Status: Published
Custom-Made Enhanced Packet Cores as Network Services for 4G/5G Testbeds managed with Open Source MANO
Setting up Enhanced Packet Cores (EPC) – like the Mosaic5G OpenAirInterface-based EPC – for 4G/5G Testbeds is a complicated and error-prone task. Therefore, we developed the SimulaMet OpenAirInterface VNF, a complex 4-VDU VNF, which upon instantiation builds the components of the EPC from scratch from given source Git repositories. That is, based on the parametrisation, users can easily create tailor-made EPCs for their projects, particularly EPCs based on the Mosaic5G FlexRAN sources. In this presentation, we would like to shortly highlight the solutions chosen to efficiently use OSM for handling the instantiation process, performing telemetry, and debugging issues. That is, we particularly would like to present to the Mosaic5G audience some lessons learned during the ongoing development.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2020 |
Location of Talk | M5G-2020-Workshop (Online) |
Keywords | 5G, Evolved Packet Core, Network Function Virtualisation, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface |
Managing Tailor-Made Enhanced Packet Cores for 4G/5G Testbeds in OSM with the SimulaMet OpenAirInterface VNF
In OSM Hackfest (Online), 2020.Status: Published
Managing Tailor-Made Enhanced Packet Cores for 4G/5G Testbeds in OSM with the SimulaMet OpenAirInterface VNF
The SimulaMet OpenAirInterface VNF is a complex 4-VDU VNF, allowing its users to instantiate and maintain a tailor-made Enhanced Packet Core (EPC) for 4G/5G mobile broadband testbeds. The EPC components are directly built from their sources during instantiation, allowing to use customised versions according to the users' needs. A general overview has already been presented during the OSM Hackfest in March 2020. In this presentation and live demonstration, we would like to highlight the solutions chosen to efficiently use OSM for handling the instantiation process, provide telemetry, and to debug issues. That is, we particularly would like to present to the audience the lessons learned during the ongoing development. Finally, we would also like to show the audience a live demo of an OSM-managed 4G testbed setup with telemetry collection.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2020 |
Location of Talk | OSM Hackfest (Online) |
Keywords | 5G, Evolved Packet Core, Network Function Virtualisation, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface |
URL | http://osm-download.etsi.org/ftp/osm-8.0-eight/OSM10-hackfest/EcosystemD... |
Talks, contributed
Easily Setting up 4G/5G Testbeds with OpenAirInterface using OSM
In OSM Hackfest, Madrid/Spain. Madrid/Spain: ETSI, 2020.Status: Published
Easily Setting up 4G/5G Testbeds with OpenAirInterface using OSM
Setting up 4G/5G testbeds can be a highly complicated and error-prone task. In this presentation, we introduce our Open Source VNF and tool-chain for an OpenAirInterface-based EPC to be deployed with the OSM framework. Using our VNF and tool-chain as basis, it will be easily possible to create own testbeds, customise them and extend them with further functionalities.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , NorNet, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, contributed |
Year of Publication | 2020 |
Location of Talk | OSM Hackfest, Madrid/Spain |
Publisher | ETSI |
Place Published | Madrid/Spain |
Keywords | 5G, Evolved Packet Core, Network Function Virtualisation, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface |
URL | https://osm-download.etsi.org/ftp/osm-7.0-seven/MR8-hackfest/Ecosystem-D... |
Journal Article
On the Usability of Transport Protocols other than TCP: A Home Gateway and Internet Path Traversal Study
Computer Networks 173 (2020).Status: Published
On the Usability of Transport Protocols other than TCP: A Home Gateway and Internet Path Traversal Study
Network APIs are moving towards protocol agility, where applications express their needs but not a static protocol binding, and it is up to the layer below the API to choose a suitable protocol. The IETF Transport Services (TAPS) Working Group is standardizing a protocol-independent transport API and offering guidance to implementers. Apple’s recent “Network.framework” is specifically designed to allow such late and dynamic binding of protocols. When the network stack autonomously chooses and configures a protocol, it must first test which protocols are locally available and which work end-to-end (“protocol racing”). For this, it is important to know the set of available options, and which protocols should be tried first: Does it make sense to offer unchecked payload delivery, as with UDP-Lite? Is a UDP-based protocol like QUIC always a better choice, or should native SCTP be tried? This paper develops answers to such questions via (i) a NAT study in a local testbed, (ii) bidirectional Internet tests, (iii) a large scale Internet measurement campaign. The examined protocols are: SCTP, DCCP, UDP-Lite, UDP with a zero checksum and three different UDP encapsulations.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2020 |
Journal | Computer Networks |
Volume | 173 |
Date Published | 05/2020 |
Publisher | Elsevier |
ISSN | 1389-1286 |
Keywords | DCCP, Internet, NAT, Protocol Testing, SCTP, UDP-Lite |
DOI | 10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107211 |
Proceedings, refereed
A Real-Time Video Streaming System over IPv6+MPTCP Technology
In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 33rd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA). Matsue, Shimane/Japan: Springer, 2019.Status: Published
A Real-Time Video Streaming System over IPv6+MPTCP Technology
Today, a steadily increasing number of users not just passively consumes Internet content, but also creates and publishes content. Users publish text, photos and videos. With the availability of 5G high-speed, low-latency mobile broadband networks, also real-time video streaming will be possible. We believe this will become a very popular application in the coming years. But the more popular a service is, the higher the need for resilience. In this paper, we introduce our work-in-progress live video streaming platform for future mobile edge computing scenarios, which makes use of MPTCP+IPv6 to support multi-homing for resilience, and multi-path transport for load balancing. As a proof of concept, we show that the platform is (1) compatible with IPv6, (2) utilizes load balancing when possible, and (3) provides robustness by network redundancy.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2019 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 33rd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA) |
Date Published | 03/2019 |
Publisher | Springer |
Place Published | Matsue, Shimane/Japan |
Keywords | IPv6, Load Balancing, MPTCP, Resilience, Video Streaming Platform |
An Overview of Multi-Cloud Computing
In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 33rd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA). Matsue, Shimane/Japan: Springer, 2019.Status: Published
An Overview of Multi-Cloud Computing
The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of cloud computing technologies, particularly with respect to multi-cloud networks. First, the basics of cloud computing concepts are discussed. Next we outline some challenges facing cloud computing, and discuss how multi-cloud systems including multi-clouds, hybrid clouds, federated clouds, and cross-clouds may be used to deal with some of these issues. Finally, multi-cloud systems may also be used in conjunction with new developing technologies such as Big Data and Machine Learning, leading to exciting innovations. These are reviewed in brief. Our goal is to provide a modern look at the state of the art in multi-cloud computing and review open issues in the field. The goal is that this paper will help the reader to understand challenges facing cloud computing, how multi-cloud computing addresses some of these issues, and inspire community excitement at the future integration of multi-cloud platforms with other novel technologies.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2019 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 33rd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA) |
Pagination | 1055–1068 |
Date Published | 04/2019 |
Publisher | Springer |
Place Published | Matsue, Shimane/Japan |
ISBN Number | 978-3-030-15034-1 |
Keywords | Big Data, Cloud computing, Federated Clouds, Hybrid Cloud, Multi-Cloud |
Notes | {ISBN} 978-3-030-15034-1 |
URL | https://www.simula.no/file/m2ec2019-multicloudpdf-0/download |
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-030-15035-8_103 |
Mobile Edge as Part of the Multi-Cloud Ecosystem: A Performance Study
In Proceedings of the 27th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP). Pavia, Lombardia/Italy: IEEE Computer Society, 2019.Status: Published
Mobile Edge as Part of the Multi-Cloud Ecosystem: A Performance Study
Cloud computing has revolutionized the way of application usage and deployment: applications run cost-effectively in remote data centers. With the increasing need for mobility and micro-services, particularly with the upcoming 5G mobile broadband networks, there is also a strong demand for mobile edge computing (MEC): applications run in small cloud systems in close proximity to the user, in order to minimize latencies. Both cloud and MEC have their advantages and disadvantages. Combining the two approaches in a unified multi-cloud, consisting of both traditional cloud services provisioned over heterogeneous cloud platforms and MEC systems, has the potential of obtaining the best out of both worlds. However, a comprehensive study is needed to evaluate the performance gains and the overheads involved for real-world cloud applications. In this paper, we introduce a baseline performance evaluation in order to identify the fallacies and pitfalls of combining multiple cloud systems and MEC into a unified MEC-multi-cloud platform. For this purpose, we analyze the basic, application-independent performance metrics of average round-trip time (RTT) and average application payload throughput in a setup consisting of two private and one public cloud systems. This baseline performance analysis confirms the feasibility of MEC-multi-cloud, and provides guidelines for designing an autonomic resource provisioning solutions, in terms of an extension proposed to our existing Melodic middleware platform for multi-cloud applications.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing, NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2019 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 27th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP) |
Pagination | 59-66 |
Date Published | 02/2019 |
Publisher | IEEE Computer Society |
Place Published | Pavia, Lombardia/Italy |
ISBN Number | 978-1-7281-1644-0 |
Keywords | Cloud computing, latency, Mobile edge computing, Multi-Cloud, Performance |
DOI | 10.1109/PDP.2019.00017 |
Talk, keynote
MELODIC at Hainan University: An Introduction to the MELODIC Project
In Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, 2019.Status: Published
MELODIC at Hainan University: An Introduction to the MELODIC Project
In former times, it was necessary to operate and maintain powerful personal computers to run applications. Nowadays, many "normal" users just use laptops, tablet PCs or smartphones. Their applications are powered by cloud systems in the background, which are operated in data centres at remote locations and being connected over the Internet. This presentation first introduces the basics of cloud computing: virtualisation, virtual machines, containers, and software as a service. A challenge of using cloud computing is to deploy services to cloud providers, in order to operate them in a cost-efficient way while providing the best application experience to the users. The vision of the Multi-Cloud Execution-Ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing (MELODIC) project is to enable federated cloud computing for data-intensive applications. Furthermore, it provides the user with an easy-to-use, unified cloud environment, which hides the complexity of a multi-cloud. The second part of this presentation therefore provides an overview of the basic ideas and application use cases of MELODIC.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Talk, keynote |
Year of Publication | 2019 |
Location of Talk | Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
Type of Talk | Keynote Talk |
Keywords | Applications, Big Data, Cloud computing, MELODIC, OpenStack |
NorNet at Hainan University: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research
In Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, 2019.Status: Published
NorNet at Hainan University: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research
A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today's network devices, like smartphones and laptops – i.e.\ particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing – frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet. This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Talk, keynote |
Year of Publication | 2019 |
Location of Talk | Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
Date Published | 04/2019 |
Type of Talk | Keynote Talk |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
Talks, invited
MELODIC at Hainan University: Combining NorNet Core with MELODIC
In Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. Hainan University, 2019.Status: Published
MELODIC at Hainan University: Combining NorNet Core with MELODIC
This talk gives a short overview over the possibilities of testing applications in the NorNet infrastructure. Furthermore, it presents a short overview of the ongoing work on integrating NorNet Core with the MELODIC multi-cloud infrastructure, including the NorNet Core setup at Hainan University and the Haikou College of Economics.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2019 |
Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Publisher | Hainan University |
Type of Talk | Invited Talk |
Keywords | Cloud computing, MELODIC, Multi-Homing, NorNet Core, NorNet Testbed, OpenStack |
NorNet at Hainan University: Getting Started with NorNet Core
In Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. Hainan University, 2019.Status: Published
NorNet at Hainan University: Getting Started with NorNet Core
This tutorial – presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2019 |
Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Publisher | Hainan University |
Type of Talk | Invited Talk |
Keywords | Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial |
Miscellaneous
NorNet at the University of Sydney: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research
Sydney, New South Wales/Australia: University of Sydney, 2019.Status: Published
NorNet at the University of Sydney: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research
A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today's network devices, like smartphones and laptops – i.e.\ particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing – frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet.
This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the University of Sydney.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NorNet |
Publication Type | Miscellaneous |
Year of Publication | 2019 |
Publisher | University of Sydney |
Place Published | Sydney, New South Wales/Australia |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
Journal Article
On the Utility of Unregulated IP DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) Usage by End Systems
Performance Evaluation 135 (2019): 102036.Status: Published
On the Utility of Unregulated IP DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) Usage by End Systems
DiffServ was designed to implement service provider quality of service (QoS) policies, where routers change and react upon the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) in the IP header. However, nowadays, applications are beginning to directly set the DSCP themselves, in the hope that this will yield a more appropriate service for their respective video, audio and data streams. WebRTC is a prime example of such an application. We present measurements, for both IPv4 and IPv6, of what happens to DSCP values along Internet paths after an end system has set them without any prior agreement between a customer and a service provider. We find that the DSCP is often changed or zeroed along the path, but detrimental effects from using the DSCP are extremely rare; moreover, DSCP values sometimes remain intact (potentially having an effect on traffic) for several AS hops. This positive result motivates an analysis of the potential latency impact from such DSCP usage, for which we present the first measurement results. We find that routers at approximately 3% of more than 100,000 links differentiate between the WebRTC DSCP values (EF, AF42 and CS1) and consistently reduce delay in comparison with probes carrying a zero value (CS0) under congestion. In contrast, routers at around 2% of these links increase the delay by a comparable amount under congestion, uniformly for EF, AF42 and CS1.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2019 |
Journal | Performance Evaluation |
Volume | 135 |
Pagination | 102036 |
Date Published | 08/2019 |
Publisher | Elsevier |
ISSN | 0166-5316 |
Keywords | DiffServ, DiffServ Code Point, latency, QoS, WebRTC |
URL | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peva.2019.102036 |
DOI | 10.1016/j.peva.2019.102036 |
Proceedings, refereed
A Statistic Procedure to Find Formulae for Buffer Size in MPTCP
In 3rd IEEE Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC). Chongqing/People's Republic of China: IEEE Computer Society, 2018.Status: Published
A Statistic Procedure to Find Formulae for Buffer Size in MPTCP
It has been shown that the Multi-Path Transmission Control Protocol~(MPTCP) can improve throughput, robustness and resilience of network transport. This paper seeks to discover the relationship of buffer size with throughput and congestion control algorithms, based on the statistical predictive modelling method. In spite of rapid growth of the implementations of MPTCP, the theoretical and fundamental question –- how large the buffer size of MPTCP should be to meet the network traffic -– remains unaddressed, although there were graphic illustrations and descriptive discussions about it.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2018 |
Conference Name | 3rd IEEE Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC) |
Date Published | 10/2018 |
Publisher | IEEE Computer Society |
Place Published | Chongqing/People's Republic of China |
ISBN Number | 978-1-5386-4509-3 |
Keywords | Buffer Size, Congestion Control Algorithm, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Statistical Predictive Modelling, Throughput |
Can WebRTC QoS Work? A DSCP Measurement Study
In 2018 30th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 30). Vienna, Austria: IEEE Computer Society, 2018.Status: Published
Can WebRTC QoS Work? A DSCP Measurement Study
DiffServ was designed to implement service provider quality of service (QoS) policies, where ingress and egress routers change the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) in the IP header. However, nowadays, applications are beginning to directly set the DSCP themselves, in the hope that this will yield a more appropriate service for their respective video, audio and data streams. WebRTC is a prime example of such an application.
As a first step towards understanding whether "WebRTC QoS works", we measured, for both IPv4 and IPv6, what happens to DSCP values along Internet paths. Our study is based on end-to-end measurements from 160 IPv4 and 65 IPv6 geographically spread controlled probe clients to 34 IPv4 and 18 IPv6 servers respectively. Clearly, when the DSCP value is changed, the net result may not be what the application desired. We find that this happens often, and conclude with recommendations on how to improve WebRTC and other applications using the DSCP.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2018 |
Conference Name | 2018 30th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 30) |
Pagination | 167-175 |
Date Published | 09/2018 |
Publisher | IEEE Computer Society |
Place Published | Vienna, Austria |
ISBN Number | 978-0-9883045-5-0 |
Keywords | DSCP, Egress, Fling, Ingress, Measurement |
DOI | 10.1109/ITC30.2018.00034 |
Proceedings, refereed
A NEAT Way to Browse the Web
In Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop (ANRW). Praha/Czech Republic: IEEE, 2017.Status: Published
A NEAT Way to Browse the Web
There is a growing concern that the Internet transport layer has become ossified in the face of emerging novel applications, and that further evolution has become very difficult. The NEAT system is a novel and evolvable transport system that decouples applications from the underlying transport layer and network services. In so doing, it facilitates dynamic transport selection. This demo shows how the NEAT system is able to dynamically select the most appropriate transport solution for the Mozilla Firefox web browser.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet, NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop (ANRW) |
Date Published | 07/15/2017 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Praha/Czech Republic |
Keywords | NEAT, ossification, SCTP, tcp, Transport Selection, Transport Service |
Notes | Demo Presentation |
URL | https://irtf.org/anrw/2017/anrw17-final13.pdf |
On the Path Management of Multi-Path TCP in Internet Scenarios based on the NorNet Testbed
In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA). Taipei, Taiwan/People's Republic of China: IEEE, 2017.Status: Published
On the Path Management of Multi-Path TCP in Internet Scenarios based on the NorNet Testbed
With the rapid development of Internet communications, there is a growing demand to support devices being connected to multiple Internet service providers simultaneously. For example, every modern smartphone already provides at least mobile broadband (UMTS, LTE) as well as Wi-Fi interfaces. This multi-homing property can be used for resilience, but there is also an increasing interest in making use of concurrent multi-path transport. That is, multiple network paths can be utilised simultaneously, in order to improve the payload throughput for applications like big data or cloud computing. In this paper, we examine the performance of multi-path transport in real-world Internet setups, based on Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) in the NorNet testbed for multi-homed systems. However, systems in such challenging setups need proper configuration. Therefore, we particularly would like to highlight the performance impact of different path management and congestion control settings in such realistic scenarios.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA) |
Date Published | 03/2017 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Taipei, Taiwan/People's Republic of China |
Keywords | Configuration, congestion control, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Multi-Path Transport, Path Management, Resilience |
DOI | 10.1109/AINA.2017.29 |
The Performance Impact of Buffer Sizes for Multi-Path TCP in Internet Setups
In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA). Taipei, Taiwan/People's Republic of China: IEEE, 2017.Status: Published
The Performance Impact of Buffer Sizes for Multi-Path TCP in Internet Setups
The Multi-Path Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) is the new concurrent multi-path transfer extension for the widely-deployed Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Of course, having multiple and possibly highly dissimilar paths for transmission is a challenge for the management of the send and receive buffers, since optimal throughput is desired with a reasonable allocation of the limited memory resources in MPTCP endpoints. This is particularly important when many MPTCP connections have to be handled simultaneously. This paper measures out the required MPTCP buffer size in the real-world Internet testbed NorNet, comparing theoretical size and real size to analyse MPTCP performance. The experiment shows that multi-path transmission can effectively increase the application payload throughput, and greatly improve the robustness of the data transmission. As an important point of this paper, we can show that appropriate buffer size settings can increase the payload throughput, while not wasting resources. This paper has certain significance for further accurately determining the optimal buffer size settings for multi-path transmission in large-scale Internet setups.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA) |
Date Published | 03/2017 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Taipei, Taiwan/People's Republic of China |
Keywords | Buffer Size, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Multi-Path Transport, Robustness, Throughput |
DOI | 10.1109/AINA.2017.26 |
Talks, invited
A Practical Introduction to NEAT at Hainan University
In Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China, 2017.Status: Published
A Practical Introduction to NEAT at Hainan University
The goal of NEAT (A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet) is to allow network "services" offered to applications – such as reliability, low-delay communication or security – to be dynamically tailored based on application demands, current network conditions, hardware capabilities or local policies, and also to support the integration of new network functionality in an evolutionary fashion, without applications having to be rewritten. This talk gives a practical introduction to NEAT from a developer's perspective: after an introduction to NEAT, the APIs and in particular the NEAT Sockets API are explained. This is followed by pseudo-code examples and finally running-code examples. These running-code examples particularly also show how to use NEAT in NorNet Core
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet, NorNet |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Place Published | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Type of Talk | Invited Talk |
Keywords | Client, Examples, NEAT, NEAT Sockets API, NorNet Core, programming, Server |
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at Hainan University
In Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China, 2017.Status: Published
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at Hainan University
This tutorial – presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Place Published | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Keywords | Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial |
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
In Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, 2017.Status: Published
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
This tutorial -- presented for staff members and students at the Instituto de Investigación Informática de Albacete of the the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha -- provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Location of Talk | Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain |
Place Published | Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain |
Keywords | Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial |
Combining NorNet Core with MELODIC
In Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China, 2017.Status: Published
Combining NorNet Core with MELODIC
This talk gives a short overview over the possibilities of testing applications in the NorNet infrastructure. Furthermore, it presents a short overview of the ongoing work on integrating NorNet Core with the MELODIC multi-cloud infrastructure, including the NorNet Core setup at Hainan University and the Haikou College of Economics.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Place Published | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Keywords | Cloud computing, MELODIC, Multi-Homing, NorNet Core, NorNet Testbed, OpenStack |
Multi-Path Transport with OMNeT++ and the INET Framework
In Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, 2017.Status: Published
Multi-Path Transport with OMNeT++ and the INET Framework
In order to evaluate the performance of multi-path transport protocols, a straightforward initial step is to perform simulations. OMNeT++, together with the INET Framework, provide a powerful Open Source platform for running network simulations. This talk provides an overview of simulating multi-path transport with OMNeT++ and the INET Framework. Particular focus is on the Concurrent Multipath Transfer extension for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). Furthermore, useful additions like the NetPerfMeter application model, the extended network auto-configurator as well as the Simulation Processing Tool-Chain (SimProcTC) are explained.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Location of Talk | Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain |
Place Published | Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain |
Keywords | CMT, CMT-SCTP, Concurrent Multipath Transfer, INET Framework, Multi-Path Transport, NetPerfMeter, OMNeT++, SCTP, SimProcTC, Stream Control Transmission Protocol |
NEAT Tutorial at Hainan University: Getting Started with NEAT
In Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, 2017.Status: Published
NEAT Tutorial at Hainan University: Getting Started with NEAT
The goal of NEAT (A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet) is to allow network "services" offered to applications – such as reliability, low-delay communication or security – to be dynamically tailored based on application demands, current network conditions, hardware capabilities or local policies, and also to support the integration of new network functionality in an evolutionary fashion, without applications having to be rewritten. This talk gives a practical introduction to NEAT from a developer's perspective: after an introduction to NEAT, the APIs and in particular the NEAT Sockets API are explained. This is followed by pseudo-code examples and finally running-code examples. These running-code examples particularly also show how to use NEAT in NorNet Core.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet, NorNet |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Place Published | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
Type of Talk | Tutorial |
Keywords | Client, Examples, NEAT, NEAT Sockets API, NorNet Core, programming, Server |
NorNet Core Beginner Tutorial at Hainan University
In Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China, 2017.Status: Published
NorNet Core Beginner Tutorial at Hainan University
This tutorial – presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Place Published | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Type of Talk | Tutorial |
Keywords | Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial |
Miscellaneous
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at the University of Sydney
Sydney, New South Wales/Australia, 2017.Status: Published
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at the University of Sydney
This tutorial -- presented for Ph.D. students at the School of Information Technologies of the University of Sydney -- provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet |
Publication Type | Miscellaneous |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Place Published | Sydney, New South Wales/Australia |
Keywords | Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial |
NorNet at the University of Sydney – An Introduction to the NorNet Core Testbed
Sydney, New South Wales/Australia, 2017.Status: Published
NorNet at the University of Sydney – An Introduction to the NorNet Core Testbed
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF.
The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections -- wired as well as wireless -- that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet's wired network part NorNet Core. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet Core testbed can be utilised for research at the University of Sydney.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet |
Publication Type | Miscellaneous |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Place Published | Sydney, New South Wales/Australia |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, Status, Testbed |
Talk, keynote
An Introduction to Multi-Path Transport at Hainan University
In Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China, 2017.Status: Published
An Introduction to Multi-Path Transport at Hainan University
A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today's network devices, like smartphones and laptops – i.e. particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing – frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet. This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet |
Publication Type | Talk, keynote |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Date Published | 12/2017 |
Place Published | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
Big Data Applications on Multi-Clouds: An Introduction to the MELODIC Project
In Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China, 2017.Status: Published
Big Data Applications on Multi-Clouds: An Introduction to the MELODIC Project
{In former times, it was necessary to operate and maintain powerful personal computers to run applications. Nowadays, many "normal" users just use laptops, tablet PCs or smartphones. Their applications are powered by cloud systems in the background, which are operated in data centres at remote locations and being connected over the Internet. This presentation first introduces the basics of cloud computing: virtualisation, virtual machines, containers, and software as a service. A challenge of using cloud computing is to deploy services to cloud providers, in order to operate them in a cost-efficient way while providing the best application experience to the users. The vision of the Multi-Cloud Execution-Ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing (MELODIC) project is to enable federated cloud computing for data-intensive applications. Furthermore, it provides the user with an easy-to-use, unified cloud environment, which hides the complexity of a multi-cloud. The second part of this presentation therefore provides an overview of the basic ideas and application use cases of MELODIC.}
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing, NorNet |
Publication Type | Talk, keynote |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Date Published | 12/2017 |
Place Published | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Keywords | Applications, Big Data, Cloud computing, MELODIC, OpenStack |
Multi-Path Transport – From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements
In Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, 2017.Status: Published
Multi-Path Transport – From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements
A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today's network devices, like smartphones and laptops -- i.e. particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing -- frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet.
This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet |
Publication Type | Talk, keynote |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Location of Talk | Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain |
Date Published | 02/2017 |
Place Published | Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain |
Type of Talk | Keynote |
Keywords | Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (CMT-SCTP), Internet measurements, Lab Measurements, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Multi-Path Transport, NorNet Core, NorNet Testbed, Simulations |
NorNet at Hainan University – An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed
In Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China, 2017.Status: Published
NorNet at Hainan University – An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed
A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today's network devices, like smartphones and laptops -- i.e.\ particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing -- frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet.
This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet |
Publication Type | Talk, keynote |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Place Published | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
Proceedings, non-refereed
Testing Applications with the NorNet Infrastructure
In MELODIC Plenary Meeting 2017. Warszawa, Masovia/Poland: 7Bulls, 2017.Status: Published
Testing Applications with the NorNet Infrastructure
This talk gives a short overview over the possibilities of testing applications in the
NorNet infrastructure. Furthermore, it presents a short overview of the ongoing work on integrating NorNet Core with the MELODIC multi-cloud infrastructure.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
Publication Type | Proceedings, non-refereed |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Conference Name | MELODIC Plenary Meeting 2017 |
Date Published | 09/2017 |
Publisher | 7Bulls |
Place Published | Warszawa, Masovia/Poland |
Keywords | Cloud computing, MELODIC, Multi-Homing, NorNet Core, NorNet Testbed, OpenStack |
Talks, invited
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at Hainan University
In Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, 2016.Status: Published
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at Hainan University
This tutorial – presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
Place Published | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
Type of Talk | Tutorial |
Keywords | Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial |
NorNet at Hainan University – An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed
In Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, 2016.Status: Published
NorNet at Hainan University – An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections – wired as well as wireless – that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
Place Published | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
Type of Talk | Invited Talk |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
NorNet at HAW Hamburg – An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed
In Hamburg/Germany. Hamburg/Germany, 2016.Status: Published
NorNet at HAW Hamburg – An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections – wired as well as wireless – that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg (HAW Hamburg)
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Location of Talk | Hamburg/Germany |
Place Published | Hamburg/Germany |
Type of Talk | Invited talk |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
NorNet at NICTA – An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed
In National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA). Sydney, New South Wales/Australia, 2016.Status: Published
NorNet at NICTA – An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections – wired as well as wireless – that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA)
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Location of Talk | National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA) |
Place Published | Sydney, New South Wales/Australia |
Type of Talk | Invited Talk |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
NorNet at the Haikou College of Economics – An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed
In Guilinyang, Hainan/People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China: Haikou College of Economics, 2016.Status: Published
NorNet at the Haikou College of Economics – An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF.
The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections -- wired as well as wireless -- that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the Haikou College of Economics.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Location of Talk | Guilinyang, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
Publisher | Haikou College of Economics |
Place Published | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
Type of Talk | Invited Talk |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
Miscellaneous
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at HAW Hamburg
Hamburg/Germany, 2016.Status: Published
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at HAW Hamburg
This tutorial -- presented at the Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg (HAW Hamburg) -- provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Miscellaneous |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Place Published | Hamburg/Germany |
Keywords | Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial |
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at NICTA
Sydney, New South Wales/Australia, 2016.Status: Published
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at NICTA
This tutorial – presented fat National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA) – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Miscellaneous |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Place Published | Sydney, New South Wales/Australia |
Keywords | Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Tutorial |
Journal Article
Is Multi-Path Transport Suitable for Latency Sensitive Traffic?
Computer Networks (COMNET) 105 (2016): 1-21.Status: Published
Is Multi-Path Transport Suitable for Latency Sensitive Traffic?
This paper assesses whether multi-path communication can help latency-sensitive applications to satisfy the requirements of their users. We consider Concurrent Multi-path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-path TCP (MPTCP) and evaluate their proficiency in transporting video, gaming, and web traffic over combinations of WLAN and 3G interfaces. To ensure the validity of our evaluation, several experimental approaches were used including simulation, emulation and live experiments. When paths are symmetric in terms of capacity, delay and loss rate, we find that the experienced latency is significantly reduced, compared to using a single path. Using multiple asymmetric paths does not affect latency -- applications do not experience any increase or decrease, but might benefit from other advantages of multi-path communication. In the light of our conclusions, multi-path transport is suitable for latency-sensitive traffic and mature enough to be widely deployed.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Journal | Computer Networks (COMNET) |
Volume | 105 |
Pagination | 1-21 |
Date Published | 08/2016 |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Keywords | CMT-SCTP, Internet, latency, MPTCP, Multi-Path Communication, transport protocols |
DOI | 10.1016/j.comnet.2016.05.008 |
Proceedings, refereed
NorNet – Building an Inter-Continental Internet Testbed based on Open Source Software
In Proceedings of the LinuxCon Europe. Berlin/Germany, 2016.Status: Published
NorNet – Building an Inter-Continental Internet Testbed based on Open Source Software
NorNet is an open, international Internet testbed platform for research on multi-homed systems. Multi-homed systems have the property of being connected to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP) simultaneously, in order to still provide connectivity in case of ISP/network failures. Basis of NorNet is Linux, together with other Open Source software. At the moment, the testbed infrastructure spreads over 21 sites on 4 continents.
NorNet makes extensive use of advanced Linux features like virtualisation, file system features, routing rules, SCTP, MPTCP, and more. The global distribution creates further challenges. Goal of this talk is therefore to provide an overview of the problems that occurred when building the testbed, as well as solutions and lessons learned from solving these challenges. The idea is to present guidelines for utilising the advanced Linux features in own projects.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the LinuxCon Europe |
Date Published | 10/2016 |
Place Published | Berlin/Germany |
Keywords | Linux, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet Testbed, Open Source, Resilience, Virtualisation |
URL | http://events.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/LinuxCon2016... |
Revisiting Congestion Control for Multipath TCP with Shared Bottleneck Detection
In IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM). San Francisco, California/U.S.A.: IEEE, 2016.Status: Published
Revisiting Congestion Control for Multipath TCP with Shared Bottleneck Detection
Multipath TCP (MPTCP) enables the simultaneous usage of multiple links for bandwidth aggregation, better resource utilization and improved reliability. Its coupled congestion control intends to reap the increased bandwidth of multiple links, while avoiding to be more aggressive than regular TCP flows on every used link. We argue that this leads to a very conservative behavior when paths do not share a bottleneck. Therefore, in this paper, we first quantify the penalty of the coupled congestion control for the links that do not share a bottleneck. Then, in order to overcome this penalty, we design and implement a practical shared bottleneck detection (SBD) algorithm for MPTCP, namely MPTCP-SBD. Through extensive emulations, we show that MPTCP-SBD outperforms all currently deployed MPTCP coupled congestion controls by accurately detecting bottlenecks resulting in throughput gains of up to 30\% in the absence of shared bottlenecks while remaining fair to TCP in shared bottlenecks scenarios. We complement the emulation results with real-network experiments justifying it is safeness for deployment.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Conference Name | IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) |
Pagination | 2419-2427 |
Date Published | 04/2016 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | San Francisco, California/U.S.A. |
ISBN Number | 978-1-4673-9953-1 |
Keywords | congestion control, coupled congestion control, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), shared bottleneck detection |
DOI | 10.1109/INFOCOM.2016.7524599 |
Proceedings, non-refereed
NorNet – The Internet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
In Proceedings of the Multi-Service Networks Conference (MSN, Coseners). Abingdon, Oxfordshire/United Kingdom, 2016.Status: Published
NorNet – The Internet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections -- wired as well as wireless -- that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, non-refereed |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the Multi-Service Networks Conference (MSN, Coseners) |
Date Published | 07/2016 |
Place Published | Abingdon, Oxfordshire/United Kingdom |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Overview, Testbed |
Proceedings, non-refereed
3rd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3) -- Introduction
In Proceedings of the 3rd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3). Fornebu, Akershus/Norway: Simula Research Laboratory, 2015.Status: Published
3rd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3) -- Introduction
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, non-refereed |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 3rd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3) |
Date Published | 08/2015 |
Publisher | Simula Research Laboratory |
Place Published | Fornebu, Akershus/Norway |
Keywords | NNUW-3, NorNet, NorNet Users Workshop |
The NorNet Core Testbed: A Status Update for the NNUW-3
In Proceedings of the 3rd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3). Fornebu, Akershus/Norway: Simula Research Laboratory, 2015.Status: Published
The NorNet Core Testbed: A Status Update for the NNUW-3
This talk provides an update on the NorNet Core testbed development and research for the 3rd NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3) in August 2015.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, non-refereed |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 3rd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3) |
Date Published | 08/2015 |
Publisher | Simula Research Laboratory |
Place Published | Fornebu, Akershus/Norway |
Keywords | Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core, Status, Testbed |
Proceedings, refereed
Eclipse: A New Dynamic Delay-based Congestion Control Algorithm for Background Traffic
In 18th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems (NBiS), 2015.Status: Published
Eclipse: A New Dynamic Delay-based Congestion Control Algorithm for Background Traffic
Initially, the Internet transport protocol TCP has been designed to provide a "best effort" service: it is meant to share the network resources with other users and applications. However, there is nowadays also a growing demand for transmitting big amounts of data in the background, namely background transport that uses spare capacity, but with minimal effect on other traffic. For instance, systems can proactively download content that the user/system would need in the future (e.g. update packages, video files, etc.). Efforts have therefore been made in the IETF for the sake of such a service with Low Extra Delay Background Traffic (LEDBAT) congestion control. While LEDBAT works in some cases, there are however known situations where it causes serious performance problems, particularly in combination with the ubiquitous bufferbloat for example in current broadband networks.
In this paper, we analyse the issues of LEDBAT and propose a new approach for background traffic. Inspired by an astronomical event, we have named this approach Eclipse. Unlike LEDBAT, Eclipse can dynamically adapt to the network characteristics not only to minimise the additional network delay but also to maximise the utilisation of spare network capacity. We will show the usefulness of Eclipse by simulations.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Conference Name | 18th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems (NBiS) |
Date Published | 09/2015 |
Keywords | Background Traffic, congestion control, Delay-based Congestion Control, Less-than-Best-Effort Service |
Leveraging the IPv4/IPv6 Identity Duality by using Multi-Path Transport
In Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Global Internet Symposium (GI). Hong Kong/People's Republic of China, 2015.Status: Published
Leveraging the IPv4/IPv6 Identity Duality by using Multi-Path Transport
With the 20th anniversary of IPv6 nearing quickly, a growing number of Internet service providers (ISPs) now offer their customers both IPv6 and IPv4 connectivity. This makes multi-homing with IPv4 and IPv6 increasingly common even with just a single ISP connection. Furthermore, the growing popularity of multi-path transport, especially Multi-path TCP (MPTCP) that is the extension of the well-known Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), leads to the question of whether this identity duality can be utilized for improving application performance in addition to providing resilience. In this paper, we first investigate the AS-level congruency of IPv4 and IPv6 paths in the Internet. We find that more than 60% of the current IPv4 and IPv6 AS-paths are non-congruent at the AS-level, which motivates us to explore how MPTCP can utilize the IPv4/IPv6 identity duality to improve data transfer performance. Our results show that MPTCP, even with a single dual-stack Internet connection, can significantly improve the end-to-end performance when the underlying paths are non-congruent. The extent of the improvement can reach up to the aggregate of the IPv4 and IPv6 bandwidth.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Global Internet Symposium (GI) |
Date Published | 05/2015 |
Place Published | Hong Kong/People's Republic of China |
Keywords | Identity Duality, Internet Paths, IPv4, IPv6, Routing |
Monitoring and Maintaining the Infrastructure of the NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
In 5th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS). Gwangju/South Korea, 2015.Status: Published
Monitoring and Maintaining the Infrastructure of the NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
NorNet Core is the world's first, open, large-scale Internet testbed for multi-homed systems and applications. Particularly, it is currently used for research on topics like multi-path transport and resilience. Researchers can run experiments on distributed, programmable nodes that are distributed over various locations and providing access to multiple different Internet service providers (ISP) with different access technologies. Clearly, a key feature of this testbed is to work in the real-world Internet. That is, it is especially desired to expose experiments to real Internet behaviour like background traffic. However, for the researcher, it is necessary to actually know how paths – being used for an experiment – actually behave: Are the paths actually working? How are the round-trip times among sites over different ISPs, etc.. How did the behaviour change over time? To provide such information to the researchers, we have designed and developed a maintenance and monitoring infrastructure for the NorNet Core testbed. In this paper, we will first introduce this infrastructure. Furthermore, we will demonstrate its usefulness with some useful, real-world examples. Our infrastructure has now become part of the testbed, and it is therefore available for all users of NorNet Core as well.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Conference Name | 5th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS) |
Place Published | Gwangju/South Korea |
Keywords | Internet Testbed, Monitoring, Multi-Homing, NorNet, Path Characteristics, Resilience |
Multi-Path TCP in Real-World Setups – An Evaluation in the NorNet Core Testbed
In 5th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS). Gwangju/South Korea, 2015.Status: Published
Multi-Path TCP in Real-World Setups – An Evaluation in the NorNet Core Testbed
Nowadays, cloud applications are becoming more and more popular. However, in order for such applications to work, they need a stable Internet connectivity. To avoid the Internet access becoming a single point of failure, redundancy by multi-homing -- i.e. simultaneous access to multiple Internet service providers (ISP) -- is becoming increasingly common as well. Multi-homing leads to the desire to utilise all network attachment points simultaneously, which is e.g. provided by the Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) extension for TCP. MPTCP is still under development by researchers and standardisation in the IETF. Particularly, it is necessary to evaluate MPTCP under realistic Internet conditions. NorNet Core is the world's first, large-scale Internet testbed for multi-homed systems and applications. It is therefore a useful platform for evaluating MPTCP. In this paper, we therefore present our NorNet Core extension that adds MPTCP support to the testbed. Particularly, our extension is now available to all users of NorNet Core as well, which significantly reduces the effort of MPTCP researchers to evaluate MPTCP and its improvements. In a proof of concept, we furthermore show the strengths and weaknesses of state-of-the-art MPTCP in NorNet Core, in a configuration covering 29 ISP connections at 14 sites in 5 different countries.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Conference Name | 5th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS) |
Place Published | Gwangju/South Korea |
Keywords | Evaluation, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Multi-Path Transport, NorNet |
Performance Comparison of Congestion Control Strategies for Multi-Path TCP in the NorNet Testbed
In 4th IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC). Shenzhen, Guangdong/People's Republic of China, 2015.Status: Published
Performance Comparison of Congestion Control Strategies for Multi-Path TCP in the NorNet Testbed
Multi-path transport has become a hot topic in Internet protocol research with the evolution of emerging technologies, particularly with the market penetration of access terminals having multiple network interfaces (e.g.\ smartphones with LTE/UMTS and Wi-Fi interfaces). Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) is an extension of TCP that allows a connection to create several subflows for utilizing multiple network paths. Using multiple end-to-end TCP connections as subflows, MPTCP distributes data to different subflows over multiple ISPs, so as to enhance network robustness and improve throughput. This paper first presents MPTCP’s architecture and multi-path congestion control algorithm concepts. Then, it examines three test scenarios in the NorNet testbed, particularly highlighting the performance difference between using uncoupled and coupled congestion controls in multi-homed, real-world Internet setups. The results show that MPTCP with coupled CCs gets more benefits than TCP and demonstrates the lower aggressiveness in comparison to MPTCP with uncoupled CCs.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Conference Name | 4th IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC) |
Date Published | 11/2015 |
Place Published | Shenzhen, Guangdong/People's Republic of China |
Keywords | congestion control, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Multi-Path Transport, Performance Analysis |
Public outreach
MPTCP Experiences in the NorNet Testbed
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-dreibholz-mptcp-nornet-experience-01, 2015.Status: Accepted
MPTCP Experiences in the NorNet Testbed
This document collects some experiences of Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) evaluations in the NorNet testbed.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Public outreach |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Place Published | https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-dreibholz-mptcp-nornet-experience-01 |
Talks, contributed
MPTCP Experiences in the NorNet Testbed: draft-dreibholz-mptcp-nornet-experience-01
In Praha/Czech Republic, 2015.Status: Published
MPTCP Experiences in the NorNet Testbed: draft-dreibholz-mptcp-nornet-experience-01
This presentation gives an overview of the Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) experiences from recent research in the NorNet testbed.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, contributed |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Location of Talk | Praha/Czech Republic |
Type of Talk | Presentation at the 93rd IETF Meeting |
Keywords | Experiences, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), NorNet |
NorNet Core @ IETF Hackathon 93
In Praha/Czech Republic, 2015.Status: Published
NorNet Core @ IETF Hackathon 93
This presentation gives an overview of the NorNet Core testbed work at the IETF Hackathon.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, contributed |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Location of Talk | Praha/Czech Republic |
Type of Talk | Presentation at the IETF Hackathon at the 93rd IETF Meeting |
Keywords | Hackathon, NorNet Core, NorNet Testbed |
Journal Article
NetPerfMeter: A Network Performance Metering Tool
Multipath TCP Blog (2015).Status: Published
NetPerfMeter: A Network Performance Metering Tool
A common problem for evaluating multiple transport protocols in a multi-platform environment is to have a test tool that is capable to run in all these environments, and – of course – to support all necessary protocols. Using different evaluation tools is not a good solution, since each tool may introduce its own – and possibly incompatible – parametrisation scheme. In order to overcome this problem, originally for the use case of evaluating the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) and compare it to the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), NetPerfMeter has been designed and developed. This blog article provides an introduction to NetPerfMeter.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Journal | Multipath TCP Blog |
Date Published | 09/2015 |
Publisher | Université catholique de Louvain |
Place Published | Louvain-la-Neuve/Belgium |
Keywords | Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Multi-Path Transfer, NetPerfMeter, Software |
URL | http://blog.multipath-tcp.org/blog/html/2015/09/07/netperfmeter.html |
Talks, invited
NorNet at NICTA – An Open, Large-Scale Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
In National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA). Sydney, New South Wales/Australia, 2015.Status: Published
NorNet at NICTA – An Open, Large-Scale Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections – wired as well as wireless – that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet with a focus on its usage for research on multi-path transport. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at NICTA.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Location of Talk | National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA) |
Place Published | Sydney, New South Wales/Australia |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
The NorNet Experimentation Platform for Multi-Homed Systems
In Proceedings of the NORDUnet Technical Workshop (NTW), 2015.Status: Published
The NorNet Experimentation Platform for Multi-Homed Systems
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF.
The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections -- wired as well as wireless -- that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research by the Nordic community.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Location of Talk | Proceedings of the NORDUnet Technical Workshop (NTW) |
Type of Talk | Invited talk |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
The NorNet Testbed -- A Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments with Multi-Homed Systems
In Melbourne, Victoria/Australia, 2015.Status: Published
The NorNet Testbed -- A Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments with Multi-Homed Systems
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF.
The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections -- wired as well as wireless -- that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures (CAIA) of Swinburne University.
Afilliation | Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Location of Talk | Melbourne, Victoria/Australia |
Type of Talk | Invited talk |
The NorNet Testbed – A Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments with Multi-Homed Systems
In National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA). Melbourne, Victoria/Australia, 2015.Status: Published
The NorNet Testbed – A Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments with Multi-Homed Systems
{Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections – wired as well as wireless – that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures (CAIA) of Swinburne University}
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Location of Talk | National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA) |
Place Published | Melbourne, Victoria/Australia |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
Poster
A Demonstration of the NorNet Core Research Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
2014.Status: Published
A Demonstration of the NorNet Core Research Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
This short abstract describes a demonstration proposal for the NorNet Core testbed for multi-homed systems.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Poster |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Date Published | December |
Keywords | Conference |
Notes | Demo presentation at the IEEE GLOBECOM 2014 |
Proceedings, refereed
A Distributed Infrastructure to Analyse SIP Attacks in the Internet
In Proceedings of the IFIP Networking Conference (Networking 2014). IFIP, 2014.Status: Published
A Distributed Infrastructure to Analyse SIP Attacks in the Internet
VoIP systems, based on the Session Initiation Protocol\~(SIP), are becoming more and more widespread in the Internet. However, this creates security issues and opens up new opportunities for misuse and fraud. The most widespread threat are multi-stage attacks to commit Toll Fraud. To devise effective countermeasures, it is crucial to know how attacks on these systems are performed in reality. In this paper, we introduce a novel distributed monitoring system with Sensor nodes located in Norway, Germany and China that allow to detect SIP-based attacks from the Internet. Based on experiences from experiments spanning several years, we propose a new setup which allows simple and straightforward addition of new remote observation points. We have deployed this setup in the NorNet testbed and highlight its advantages compared to a previous setup with physically distributed Sensors. We also present results from a 45 day field test with 13 observation points. These results confirm the advantages of a widely distributed monitoring setup and give some new insights into the behavior of the attackers.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the IFIP Networking Conference (Networking 2014) |
Date Published | June |
Publisher | IFIP |
Keywords | Conference |
LEDBAT-MP - on the Application of Lower-Than-Best-Effort for Concurrent Multipath Transfer
In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS). Victoria, British Columbia/Canada: IEEE, 2014.Status: Published
LEDBAT-MP - on the Application of Lower-Than-Best-Effort for Concurrent Multipath Transfer
The Internet is based on best effort communication, i.e. it tries to deliver packets but does not provide any guarantees. A transport protocol can make use of this best effort service to provide a suitable service to its applications. Also, its congestion control is responsible for a fair distribution of the resources within the Internet. However, background data transfer applications (like file sharing or update fetching) do not require "best effort"; they in fact could use a "lower-than-best-effort" service to leave resources to more important applications if needed. For this purpose, the Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT) algorithm has been standardized by the IETF. Nowadays, multi-homing is becoming increasingly common in modern networks and several approaches to exploit this feature (e.g. CMT-SCTP, MPTCP) have evolved that are able to combine resources of multiple paths. For background traffic oriented algorithms like LEDBAT, this feature could be of great use, too, i.e. by increasing the overall bandwidth while shifting the transmission away from paths which are used by other flows. This could be particularly useful for non-critical bulk transfers in data centers. In this paper, we introduce our approach LEDBAT for Multi-Path - denoted as LEDBAT-MP - and analyse its performance by simulations. With this paper, we want to highlight some generic design questions and start a discussion on how a solid universal background multi-path congestion control strategy should behave.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS) |
Date Published | May |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Victoria, British Columbia/Canada |
Keywords | Workshop |
Measuring and Comparing Internet Path Stability in IPv4 and IPv6
In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on the Network of the Future (NoF). Paris/France: IEEE, 2014.Status: Published
Measuring and Comparing Internet Path Stability in IPv4 and IPv6
In just about 4 years, IPv6 will celebrate its 20th anniversary. While the protocol itself is already quite old, its deployment has only recently picked up speed. Not so many Internet service providers offer direct IPv6 connectivity to their customers, yet. Clearly, when IPv6 is available to customers, they expect that IPv6 offers at least the same - or even better - stability of connections in comparison to IPv4. The main goal of this paper is to investigate whether this is true today. In our paper, we present up-to-date measurement results on the stability of IPv4 and IPv6 paths in the real Internet, based on machines that are distributed over a large geographical area, as part of the NorNet Core testbed infrastructure for multi-homed systems. The measurements not only cover high-speed research networks, but also consumer-grade ADSL connections - i.e. the ISP connection types of "normal" end-users - as well as a broad range of different ISPs. The measurements show that IPv6 paths are less stable than corresponding IPv4 paths. We also find that the use of load balancing is more prevalent in IPv6 than in IPv4.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on the Network of the Future (NoF) |
Date Published | December |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Paris/France |
Keywords | Conference |
Measuring the QoS Characteristics of Operational 3G Mobile Broadband Networks
In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS). Victoria, British Columbia/Canada: IEEE, 2014.Status: Published
Measuring the QoS Characteristics of Operational 3G Mobile Broadband Networks
Today, many smart phones and tablets have multiple interfaces (i.e. WLAN and 3G). These multiple interfaces can be utilized simultaneously by a multi-path transport protocol to provide bandwidth aggregation or reliability. However, in order to design efficient multi-path scheduling and congestion control strategies, it is crucial to understand the behaviour and properties of the underlying paths first. WLAN links have already been studied extensively in the literature. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on Mobile Broadband (MBB) networks that are in use today. We utilized noun{NorNet Edge} nodes that are connected to up to five different 3G ISPs (UMTS and CDMA2000), hence, providing a realistic view on the QoS characteristics that are experienced by end-users of these MBB networks. We present QoS characteristics (e.g. bandwidth, delay and loss) and discuss our observations. Our results shed light on what a multi-path transport endpoint has to expect - and to efficiently cope with - when using today's MBB networks as transport paths.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS) |
Date Published | May |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Victoria, British Columbia/Canada |
Keywords | Workshop |
Multi-Path Transport Over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks: Does It Really Pay Off?
In Proceedings of the IEEE GLOBECOM. Austin, Texas/U.S.A.: IEEE, 2014.Status: Published
Multi-Path Transport Over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks: Does It Really Pay Off?
Multi-path transfer protocols such as Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), are becoming increasingly popular due to widespread deployment of smartphones with multi-homing support. Although the idea of using multiple interfaces simultaneously to improve application throughput is tempting, does transmission over multiple interfaces always provide benefits especially in realistic setup? In this paper, we first show that multi-path transfer might actually have a negative impact in real-world scenarios with mobile broadband and wireless LAN networks. We then introduce our Dynamic Relative Path Scoring (DRePaS) algorithm that continuously evaluates the contribution of paths to the overall performance and dynamically influences the scheduling decisions to make best use of the paths for the overall system performance. We show that DRePaS outperforms the current MPTCP implementation in terms of throughput and application delay, especially when the links are heterogeneous.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the IEEE GLOBECOM |
Date Published | December |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Austin, Texas/U.S.A. |
Tackling the Challenge of Bufferbloat in Multi-Path Transport Over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
In Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS). Hong Kong/People's Republic of China: IEEE, 2014.Status: Published
Tackling the Challenge of Bufferbloat in Multi-Path Transport Over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
Today, most of the smart phones are equipped with two network interfaces: Mobile Broadband (MBB) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Multi-path transport protocols provide increased throughput or reliability, by utilizing these interfaces simultaneously. However, multi-path transmission over networks with very different QoS characteristics is a challenge. In this paper, we studied Multi-Path TCP\~(MPTCP) in heterogeneous networks, specifically MBB networks and WLAN. We first investigate the effect of bufferbloat in MBB on MPTCP performance. Then, we propose a bufferbloat mitigation algorithm: Multi-Path Transport Bufferbloat Mitigation (MPT-BM). Using our algorithm, we conduct experiments in real operational networks. The experimental results show that MPT-BM outperforms the current MPTCP implementation by increasing the application goodput quality and decreasing MPTCP's buffer delay, jitter and buffer space requirements.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS) |
Date Published | May |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Hong Kong/People's Republic of China |
Miscellaneous
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed
2014.Status: Published
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed
This tutorial provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Miscellaneous |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Keywords | Workshop |
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at Hainan University
2014.Status: Published
An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at Hainan University
This tutorial - presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University - provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Miscellaneous |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Talks, invited
Multipath Transport Over Heterogeneous Networks
In Proceedings of the 2nd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-2), 2014.Status: Published
Multipath Transport Over Heterogeneous Networks
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Location of Talk | Proceedings of the 2nd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-2) |
Keywords | Workshop |
NorNet – An Open, Large-Scale Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
In Swinburne University, Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures (CAIA). Melbourne, Victoria/Australia, 2014.Status: Published
NorNet – An Open, Large-Scale Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections – wired as well as wireless – that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet with a focus on its usage for research on multi-path transport. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at CAIA/Swinburne University.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Location of Talk | Swinburne University, Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures (CAIA) |
Place Published | Melbourne, Victoria/Australia |
Keywords | Introduction, Multi-Homing, NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Status, Testbed |
The NorNet Testbed - an Overview for the GENI Meeting
In Invited talk at the Kungliga Tekniska högskolan (KTH), 2014.Status: Published
The NorNet Testbed - an Overview for the GENI Meeting
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g.\~cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers\~(ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g.\~malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e.\~increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g.\~be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP\~(CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP\~(MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It consists of two parts: the wired part NorNet Core as well as the wireless part NorNet Edge; both parts provide programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections. These nodes are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over the NorNet testbed and how it can be utilised for research on multi-homed systems.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Location of Talk | Invited talk at the Kungliga Tekniska högskolan (KTH) |
Keywords | Workshop |
The NorNet Testbed - Overview and Selected Results From Multi-Path Transport Research
In Invited Talk at the New York University (NYU), Polytechnic School of Engineering, 2014.Status: Published
The NorNet Testbed - Overview and Selected Results From Multi-Path Transport Research
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g.\~cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers\~(ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g.\~malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e.\~increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. In order to evaluate and test mulit-homed systems, the Simula Research Laboratory is currently building up the NorNet testbed. It consists of distributed research nodes located all over the country of Norway as well as some international locations, providing researchers the possibility to run experiments in real-world, multi-homed Internet setups. In this talk, we first introduce the NorNet testbed as well as its deployment status. After that, we present some research results of the ongoing research at the Simula Research Laboratory on multi-path transport with Multi-Path TCP\~(MPTCP). Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilized for research at the New York University\~(NYU) as well.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Location of Talk | Invited Talk at the New York University (NYU), Polytechnic School of Engineering |
The NorNet Testbed at Hainan University - A Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments with Multi-Homed Systems
In Invited Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), 2014.Status: Published
The NorNet Testbed at Hainan University - A Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments with Multi-Homed Systems
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF.
The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections -- wired as well as wireless -- that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Location of Talk | Invited Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) |
The NorNet Testbed at Qiongzhou University - A Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments With Multi-Homed Systems
In Invited Talk at Qiongzhou University, 2014.Status: Published
The NorNet Testbed at Qiongzhou University - A Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments With Multi-Homed Systems
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections - wired as well as wireless - that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Qiongzhou University.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Location of Talk | Invited Talk at Qiongzhou University |
The NorNet Testbed at Tsinghua University - a Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments With Multi-Homed Systems
In Invited Talk at Tsinghua University, Department of Computer Science, 2014.Status: Published
The NorNet Testbed at Tsinghua University - a Large-Scale Experiment Platform for Real-World Experiments With Multi-Homed Systems
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections - wired as well as wireless - that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Tsinghua University.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Location of Talk | Invited Talk at Tsinghua University, Department of Computer Science |
The NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems - Introduction and Status
In Invited Talk at Princeton University, Department of Computer Science. Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A, 2014.Status: Published
The NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems - Introduction and Status
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints to multiple Internet Service Providers\~(ISP). That is, such endpoints should remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems. Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e.\~increasing the application throughput by utilizing multiple paths simultaneously. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the Simula Research Laboratory is building up the NorNet testbed, which is an open platform for such experiments. NorNet consists of two parts, the wireless part NorNet Edge as well as the wired part NorNet Core, providing researchers the possibility to use programmable, multi-homed nodes at different locations in Norway as well as at some international sites. This talk gives an overview over the NorNet testbed, with a special focus on the usage of the PlanetLab/Linux Containers-based software that is used to run NorNet Core.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Location of Talk | Invited Talk at Princeton University, Department of Computer Science |
Place Published | Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A. |
The NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems - Overview and Status
In Invited Talk at the University of British Columbia (UBC), 2014.Status: Published
The NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems - Overview and Status
Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections - wired as well as wireless - that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet with a focus on its usage for research on multi-path transport. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the University of British Columbia (UBC)
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Location of Talk | Invited Talk at the University of British Columbia (UBC) |
Journal Article
NorNet Core - A Multi-Homed Research Testbed
Computer Networks Special Issue: Future Internet Testbeds (2014): 75-87.Status: Published
NorNet Core - A Multi-Homed Research Testbed
Over the last decade, the Internet has grown at a tremendous speed in both size and complexity. Nowadays, a large number of important services - for instance e-commerce, healthcare and many others - depend on the availability of the underlying network. Clearly, service interruptions due to network problems may have a severe impact. On the long way towards the Future Internet, the complexity will grow even further. Therefore, new ideas and concepts must be evaluated thoroughly, and particularly in realistic, real-world Internet scenarios, before they can be deployed for production networks. For this purpose, various testbeds - for instance PlanetLab, GpENI or G-Lab - have been established and are intensively used for research. However, all of these testbeds lack the support for so-called multihoming. Multi-homing denotes the connection of a site to multiple Internet service providers, in order to achieve redundancy. Clearly, with the need for network availability, there is a steadily growing demand for multi-homing. The idea of the NorNet Core project is to establish a Future Internet research testbed with multi-homed sites, in order to allow researchers to perform experiments with multi-homed systems. Particular use cases for this testbed include realistic experiments in the areas of multi-path routing, load balancing, multi-path transport protocols, overlay networks and network resilience. In this paper, we introduce the NorNet Core testbed as well as its architecture.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Journal | Computer Networks |
Volume | Special Issue: Future Internet Testbeds |
Number | 61 |
Pagination | 75-87 |
Publisher | Elsevier |
DOI | 10.1016/j.bjp.2013.12.035 |
Talks, contributed
On the Applicability of Reliable Server Pooling for Virtualised Network Function Resource Pooling
In Proceedings of the 89th IETF Meeting, 2014.Status: Submitted
On the Applicability of Reliable Server Pooling for Virtualised Network Function Resource Pooling
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, contributed |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Location of Talk | Proceedings of the 89th IETF Meeting |
The Status of MPTCP Deployment and Evaluation in the NorNet Testbed
In Talk at the 89th IETF Meeting, 2014.Status: Published
The Status of MPTCP Deployment and Evaluation in the NorNet Testbed
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, contributed |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Location of Talk | Talk at the 89th IETF Meeting |
Keywords | Conference |
Talk, keynote
The NorNet Core Testbed - Introduction and Status in August 2014
In Proceedings of the 2nd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-2), 2014.Status: Published
The NorNet Core Testbed - Introduction and Status in August 2014
This talk provides an introduction to the NorNet Core testbed as well as a status overview on the development and deployment in August 2014.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talk, keynote |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Location of Talk | Proceedings of the 2nd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-2) |
Date Published | August |
Keywords | Workshop |
Proceedings, refereed
Alternative Transmission Strategies for Multipath Transport of Multimedia Streams Over Wireless Networks
In Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL). Zagreb/Croatia: IEEE, 2013.Status: Published
Alternative Transmission Strategies for Multipath Transport of Multimedia Streams Over Wireless Networks
With the strongly growing popularity of mobile devices like smartphones and tablet computers, the number of end-systems with more than one network access - like UMTS/LTE and WLAN - is also increasing. This so-called multi-homing also leads to the desire of utilising multiple network paths simultaneously, in order to improve application payload throughput. Clearly, this so-called multi-path transfer feature is also very useful for the transport of multimedia contents, particularly when a single network access alone is not fast enough to fulfil the bandwidth requirements of the application. In many cases, multimedia transport is also sensitive for delays and packet losses. However, the focus of the current multi-path transfer approaches has been on bandwidth only. In order to tackle this challenge, our paper introduces two new send strategies to map payload data to different wireless paths. Finally, by using measurements, we show that a significant performance improvement for delay and loss-sensitive applications can be achieved in comparison to the existing approaches.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL) |
Date Published | June |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Zagreb/Croatia |
Design and Implementation of the NorNet Core Research Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
In Proceedings of the 3nd International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS). Barcelona, Catalonia/Spain: IEEE, 2013.Status: Published
Design and Implementation of the NorNet Core Research Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
The Internet has made it possible to communicate and to use services over large geographical distances. While it has originally been built for less critical services like e-mail and file transfer, it is nowadays also increasingly often used for availability-critical services like e.g. e-commerce or healthcare. Clearly, the reachability of such services must be ensured by so-called multi-homing of endpoints. That is, endpoints are simultaneously connected to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP) to provide redundancy. If one ISP has problems, it is intended that the connection to another one still works. However, such assumptions have never been verified in real, large-scale setups. The intention of the NorNet project is to build up a realistic Internet testbed for multi-homing. In this paper, we describe the design of NorNet with focus on the implementation of its fixed-line part: NorNet Core. This paper is intended to give researchers an overview of its mode of operation, its capabilities as well as its interesting feature realisations. The knowledge about these items is very useful to plan own experiments in the NorNet testbed.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 3nd International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS) |
Date Published | 03/2013 |
Publisher | IEEE |
Place Published | Barcelona, Catalonia/Spain |
Keywords | Workshop |
The NorNet Project: A Research Platform for Robust and Secure Networks
In Proceedings of the 7. Essener Workshop "Neue Herausforderungen in der Netzsicherheit" (EWNS 2013). Essen/Germany: University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Experimental Mathematics, 2013.Status: Published
The NorNet Project: A Research Platform for Robust and Secure Networks
This talk gives an overview of the NorNet project, the new Internet testbed for multi-homed systems, and its research objectives.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Conference Name | Proceedings of the 7. Essener Workshop "Neue Herausforderungen in der Netzsicherheit" (EWNS 2013) |
Date Published | 04/2013 |
Publisher | University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Experimental Mathematics |
Place Published | Essen/Germany |
Keywords | Workshop |
Talks, invited
An Introduction to NorNet for the Site Deployment at Høgskolen I Narvik
In Invited Talk at Høgskolen i Narvik, 2013.Status: Published
An Introduction to NorNet for the Site Deployment at Høgskolen I Narvik
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Location of Talk | Invited Talk at Høgskolen i Narvik |
Notes | Invited Talk at Høgskolen i Narvik |
An Overview of NorNet Core
In Invited Talk at the Geilo Seminar 2013, 2013.Status: Published
An Overview of NorNet Core
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Location of Talk | Invited Talk at the Geilo Seminar 2013 |
Keywords | Internal Seminar, University of Oslo |
Notes | Invited Talk at the Geilo Seminar 2013 |
An Overview of the NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
In Invited talk at Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus, 2013.Status: Published
An Overview of the NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Location of Talk | Invited talk at Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus |
Notes | Invited talk at Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus |
The NorNet Project - a Research Testbed for Multi-Path Transport
In Invited Talk at Technische Universität Berlin, 2013.Status: Published
The NorNet Project - a Research Testbed for Multi-Path Transport
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Location of Talk | Invited Talk at Technische Universität Berlin |
The NorNet Project - an Introduction to NorNet for the Site Deployment at NTNU Trondheim
2013.Status: Published
The NorNet Project - an Introduction to NorNet for the Site Deployment at NTNU Trondheim
Invited talk at NTNU Trondheim.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Talk, keynote
The NorNet Core Testbed - Introduction and Status
In Proceedings of the 1st NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-1), 2013.Status: Published
The NorNet Core Testbed - Introduction and Status
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talk, keynote |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Location of Talk | Proceedings of the 1st NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-1) |
Date Published | September |
Keywords | Workshop |
Miscellaneous
The NorNet Core Testbed – An Experiment Tutorial
2013.Status: Published
The NorNet Core Testbed – An Experiment Tutorial
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Miscellaneous |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Keywords | Workshop |
Talks, contributed
The NorNet Research Testbed
In Short presentation at the CHANGE Bootcamp workshop in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 2013.Status: Published
The NorNet Research Testbed
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, contributed |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Location of Talk | Short presentation at the CHANGE Bootcamp workshop in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium |
Keywords | Workshop |
Notes | Short presentation at the CHANGE Bootcamp workshop in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium |
The NorNet Testbed: a Platform for Evaluating Multi-Path Transport in the Real-World Internet
In Talk at the 87th IETF Meeting, 2013.Status: Published
The NorNet Testbed: a Platform for Evaluating Multi-Path Transport in the Real-World Internet
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, contributed |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Location of Talk | Talk at the 87th IETF Meeting |
Keywords | Conference |
Talks, invited
An Introduction to NorNet Core for the Site Deployment at Universitetet I Stavanger
In Universitetet i Stavanger, 2012.Status: Published
An Introduction to NorNet Core for the Site Deployment at Universitetet I Stavanger
This invited talk at Universitetet i Stavanger gives an overview of the NorNet project, with particular focus on NorNet Core. It has been presented as part of the NorNet Core deployment visit.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2012 |
Location of Talk | Universitetet i Stavanger |
The NorNet Project - A Research Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
In Karlstads Universitet, 2012.Status: Published
The NorNet Project - A Research Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems
This invited talk at Karlstads Universitet gives an overview of the NorNet project.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems |
Publication Type | Talks, invited |
Year of Publication | 2012 |
Location of Talk | Karlstads Universitet |
Book
Evaluation and Optimisation of Multi-Path Transport using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol
Essen/Germany: University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Economics, Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems, 2012.Status: Published
Evaluation and Optimisation of Multi-Path Transport using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol
The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) as defined in RFC 4960 is an advanced Transport Layer protocol that provides support for multi-homing. That is, SCTP endpoints may simultaneously use multiple Network Layer addresses, which allows to connect the endpoints to multiple networks for redundancy purposes. However, for the transfer of user data, only one of the possible paths is currently used at a time. All other paths remain as backup and are only used for retransmissions. Clearly, the existence of multiple paths has led to the idea of applying load sharing among the paths. An extension to SCTP – denoted as Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT) – realises this load sharing functionality. While this approach works well for similar paths, i.e. paths having similar characteristics regarding bandwidths, bit error rates and delays, the use of dissimilar paths does not work that neatly. In this thesis, the issues of dissimilar paths for CMT-based load sharing will be demonstrated first. The reasons for these issues will be identified and solutions proposed. These solutions will be evaluated in simulations, as well as partially also in a real-world Internet testbed setup, in order to show their effectiveness. In particular, it will be shown that a combination of multiple mechanisms is necessary to make CMT work as expected under a wide range of network and system parameters. Furthermore, the fairness of CMT-based transport – in concurrency to classic non-CMT flows – will be analysed. The usage of plain CMT leads to an overly aggressive bandwidth occupation on so-called shared bottlenecks. As a countermeasure, the idea of Resource Pooling will be utilised. For this purpose, two new and one adapted congestion control approach – all based on the Resource Pooling principle – will be introduced and examined in similar as well as dissimilar path setups, in order to show how to fairly deploy CMT transport in the Internet. The results of this work have also been contributed to the ongoing IETF standardisation process of SCTP and its extensions.
Afilliation | , Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Book |
Year of Publication | 2012 |
Date Published | 2012 |
Publisher | University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Economics, Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems |
Place Published | Essen/Germany |
Other Numbers | urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-20120315-103208-1 |
Keywords | Dissimilar Paths, Evaluation, Fairness, Multi-Path Transport, Optimisation, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) |
URL | https://duepublico.uni-duisburg-essen.de/servlets/DerivateServlet/Deriva... |
Book
Reliable Server Pooling – Evaluation, Optimization and Extension of a Novel IETF Architecture
Essen/Germany: University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Economics, Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems, 2007.Status: Published
Reliable Server Pooling – Evaluation, Optimization and Extension of a Novel IETF Architecture
The Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) architecture currently under standardization by the IETF RSerPool Working Group is an overlay network framework to provide server replication and session failover capabilities to applications using it. These functionalities as such are not new, but their combination into one generic, application-independent framework is. Initial goal of this thesis is to gain insight into the complex RSerPool mechanisms by performing experimental and simulative proof-of-concept tests. The further goals are to systematically validate the RSerPool architecture and its protocols, provide improvements and optimizations where necessary and propose extensions if useful. Based on these evaluations, recommendations to implementers and users of RSerPool should be provided, giving guidelines for the tuning of system parameters and the appropriate configuration of application scenarios. In particular, it is also a goal to transfer insights, optimizations and extensions of the RSerPool protocols from simulation to reality and also to bring the achievements from research into application by supporting and contributing relevant results to the IETF's ongoing RSerPool standardization process. To achieve the described goals, a prototype implementation as well as a simulation model are designed and realized at first. Using a generic application model and appropriate performance metrics, the performance of RSerPool systems in failure-free and server failure scenarios is systematically evaluated in order to identify critical parameter ranges and problematic protocol behaviour. Improvements developed as result of these performance analyses are evaluated and finally contributed into the standardization process of RSerPool.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Book |
Year of Publication | 2007 |
Date Published | 03/2007 |
Publisher | University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Economics, Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems |
Place Published | Essen/Germany |
Other Numbers | urn:nbn:de:hbz:465-20070308-164527-0 |
Keywords | Evaluation, Extension, Optimization, Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) |
URL | https://duepublico.uni-duisburg-essen.de/servlets/DerivateServlet/Deriva... |
Book
Management of Layered Variable Bitrate Multimedia Streams over DiffServ with Apriori Knowledge
Bonn/Germany: University of Bonn, Institute for Computer Science, 2001.Status: Published
Management of Layered Variable Bitrate Multimedia Streams over DiffServ with Apriori Knowledge
The Internet is developing with a very high speed. Just a few years ago, its main applications were file transfer and e-mail access, all based on the best effort TCP/IP service over quite slow links. With the quickly growing deployment of high-speed Internet accesses, there is a growing demand for also using the Internet in application scenarios like real-time multimedia streaming, particularly for audio and video on demand services. However, such multimedia applications do not only require sufficient bandwidth. They have stricter quality of service demands, like e.g. an upper bound on the transfer delay to ensure interactivity for their users. In the context of this thesis, a system for the cost-efficient transfer of variable bitrate multimedia streams over Differentiated Services (DiffServ) is presented and evaluated. This system supports layered transmission, i.e. streams may be partitioned into sub-streams denoted as layers (e.g. a video layer and an audio layer). Distinct layers may have different priorities as well as quality of service requirements and may therefore use different DiffServ classes for data transmission. Also, the streams may be scalable, i.e. the quality of the transferred media may be decreased in order to reduce the bandwidth requirements when bandwidth becomes scarce. Particularly, the system makes use of the fact that media files in e.g. a video on demand library can be analyzed a priorily. The information that is computed during the offline analysis is used to realize a dynamic and cost-efficient transport of layer data over different DiffServ classes. Furthermore, the system applies an adaptive buffering to smooth the flows – in order to save bandwidth – while also taking care of the delay constraints.
Afilliation | Communication Systems, , Communication Systems |
Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
Publication Type | Book |
Year of Publication | 2001 |
Publisher | University of Bonn, Institute for Computer Science |
Place Published | Bonn/Germany |
Other Numbers | urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-20120416-095753-8 |
Keywords | A Priori Knowledge, DiffServ, Layered Transmission, Multimedia, Quality of Service |
URL | https://duepublico.uni-duisburg-essen.de/servlets/DerivateServlet/Deriva... |