post@simula.no

Thomas Dreibholz

Chief Research Engineer

Research objectives

The SimulaMet Interoperability lab (SMIL) support a wide range of research activities at SimulaMet, and will in particular address the following research areas:

Benchmark and improve time-sensitive networking technologies for 5G networks between base stations and edge computing for 5G.
Study and improve mechanisms for network slicing to ensure successful co-use of 5G networks for critical applications.
Study how legacy computers can be used to realize Cloud Radio Access Networks by using software defined radio and lower cost of deployment by moving functionality from hardware to software. Of particular interest is real-time scheduling of Cloud RAN workloads in edge data centres.
Study new 5G and IoT applications enabled by edge computing using features such as low latency, high throughput and quality of service guarantees combined with edge computing capabilities available in 5G cellular networks.
Develop and improve self-driving networks for fast recovery with technologies such as SDN, P4 and Network Function Virtualization in combination with machine learning of large-scale data analytics of the entire networked system.
Understand and improve mechanisms required to establish Robust cellular networks for reliable infrastructure for new user groups which relies on dependable networks.

Time sensitive networking

Traditionally, dedicated point-to-point connections using Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) have been used to interconnect smart cellular antennas to base stations. In 5G, the main infrastructure vendors have proposed e-CPRI, based on the Ethernet standard. With Ethernet, one would expect to leverage traditional switches for aggregation and simultaneous data transport in addition to e-CPRI, but Ethernet and legacy switches are not built for the timing requirements of 5G. To overcome this problem, different technologies have been suggested to enable Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) with Ethernet as the transport technology. In this research activity, we study how TSN can be realized in 5G front haul networks, combining the requirements of synchronization, bound latency in combination with traditional best-effort packet transport. In the laboratory we collaborate with TransPacket for access to FPGA-based implementations of TSN using the Fusion network technology implemented in Xilinx FPGAs enabling 100 Gbit/s Ethernet transport aggregating 5G base stations using 10Gbit/s ethernet with guaranteed transport service.

TSN for Ethernet-based transport between base station and edge computers in 5G

Network slicing

In 5G networks, the concept of Network slicing enables different classes of applications to share the same physical network. 5G is expected to be able to handle applications like emergency networks, real-time industry applications in combination with supporting demanding multimedia applications for consumers. These requirements require ability to express and enforce Quality of Service requirements ranging from frequency resource allocation, 5G base station resource allocation, network quality of service and allocation of processing resources in edge computers.

Initial work has focused on SDN-based implementations using the opensource Open Air interface, and future work will extend this to network slicing in 5G-NR and 5G front-haul and back-haul network guarantees for network slicing.

Cloud Radio Access Networks (Cloud RAN)

Cloud RAN enable the use of general purpose computers placed in edge data centres for realizing virtualized radio functions by using software defined radio techniques to lower cost of deployment by moving functionality from hardware to software. Of a particular interest to our research group is real-time scheduling of Cloud RAN workloads, how to partition between real-time and non-real-time workloads in the Cloud RAN, and how to handle the strict requirements to enable services like Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) which can enable new applications previously not possible in cellular networks. Vendors are already introducing Cloud RAN solutions, such as the Nokia AirScale CloudRAN , the 4G/5G C-RAN architecture from Ericsson and 5G oriented C-RAN solutions from Huawei. It is of a particular interest to study if such network architectures can be realized in a multi-vendor environment. At what level should interoperability be ensured? Can Virtual Network Functions from different vendors run in the same edge computer environment?

New 5G and IoT applications enabled by edge computing

With edge computing deployed in the distributed 5G networks, new 5G and IoT applications can be made possible since response times can be guaranteed, and computing resources can be made available close to the application. An example is the real-time application of collision avoidance for cars sharing their sensor data with a local edge data center which can execute collision avoidance algorithms within specified time deadlines to provide drivers or self-driving vehicles with time-critical information to avoid collision. Other applications like games using augmented reality and real-time collaboration in industrial applications can be enabled by low latency and high throughput communication service with processing in edge data centres. Finally, IoT sensors with very low power consumption can leverage high sensitivity 5G NR capabilities to provide very long battery life for embedded applications. In SMIL, we will collaborate with other research groups and the 5G industry to investigate applications previously not possible in cellular networks and suggest improvements to applications and networks.

Self-driving Networks

The complexity of configuration and adjustment of telecommunication networks to respond to rapid changes in demand has led to the vision of Self-driving networks which measure, analyze and control themselves in an automated manner. Self-driving networks can react to changes in the environment (e.g., demand), while exploiting existing flexibilities to optimize themselves. Furthermore, the advent of large-scale machine learning can also benefit self-driving networks and over time develop to faster reconfiguration and more reliable operation compared to manual configuration by human operators, see for example the paper Why (and How) Networks Should Run Themselves for an in-depth discussion.

This method is of particular interest in 5G to ensure rapid reconfiguration in case of failure which requires automated response to demand, changes in geographic load in the network, change in network capacity and loss of connectivity with minimal impact for critical applications. The requirement for reconfiguration can also be used for business purposes, for example optimized use of software licenses, where an operator can install hardware at all relevant locations but deploy software licenses only for operation of a subset of this hardware based on actual demand and moved with users. This research area is closely related to Software Defined Networking which until recently has focused mostly on the data plane with technologies such as OpenFlow and Netconf/Yang.

Main components of an OpenFlow switch (OpenFlow Switch specification)

Recent developments such as the Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors language (P4) has enabled software control also of the data plane which opens for software defined processing in the actual packet flow. In SMIL, we plan to leverage these advances together from SDN controllers such as OpenDaylight to enable Self-driving networks for access and transport networks for 5G. In the laboratory, we will use the latest MX-series routers from Juniper Networks with P4 capabilites to explore self-driving networks for 5G.

Robust cellular networks

New user groups are encouraged to share a common infrastructure to save cost and leverage state of the art technologies. This trend increases the requirements of robustness of the underlying architecture since our society relies not only on critical consumer services like communication services, banking, shopping and logistics, but also applications traditionally served by dedicated networks such as military, emergency (e.g. TETRA) and railroad signalling networks (e.g. GSM-R) which all consider 5G as their network infrastructure in the future.

We believe Heterogeneous infrastructure has several benefits to ensure interoperability and open standards in 5G but this requirement also adds to the complexity of the network since different vendors may rely on different network structures, and different communication protocols even if they are defined by standard bodies such as 3GPP. When the goal of heterogenous infrastructure is added to requirements from new users, we can see that 5G represents very demanding requirements for the cellular operators and the network infrastructure vendors.

Expectation of heterogeneous infrastructure and demands from new users groups in 5G place demanding requirements for interoperability and robustness.

SimulaMet Centre for Resilient Networks and Applications have studied this topic over many years in fixed networks, in 4G cellular networks and for IoT applications. With the new laboratory, we will extend our studies to 5G New Radio and will also address how to provide robustness of the 5G core network by reducing the dependency for a centralized 5G infrastructure by virtualization.

Department:

The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications

Afilliation:

Communication Systems

Publications for SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab

2023

Journal Article

M. Fida, A. H. M. Ahmed, T. Dreibholz, A. F. Ocampo, A. M. Elmokashfi and F. I. Michelinakis

Bottleneck Identification in Cloudified Mobile Networks based on Distributed Telemetry

Transactions on Mobile Computing (2023): 1-18.

Status: Published

Abstract

Cloudified mobile networks are expected to deliver a multitude of services with reduced capital and operating expenses. A characteristic example is 5G networks serving several slices in parallel. Such mobile networks, therefore, need to ensure that the SLAs of customised end-to-end sliced services are met. This requires monitoring the resource usage and characteristics of data flows at the virtualised network core, as well as tracking the performance of the radio interfaces and UEs. A centralised monitoring architecture can not scale to support millions of UEs though. This paper, proposes a 2-stage distributed telemetry framework in which UEs act as early warning sensors. After UEs flag an anomaly, a ML model is activated, at network controller, to attribute the cause of the anomaly. The framework achieves 85% F1-score in detecting anomalies caused by different bottlenecks, and an overall 89% F1-score in attributing these bottlenecks. This accuracy of our distributed framework is similar to that of a centralised monitoring system, but with no overhead of transmitting UE-based telemetry data to the centralised controller. The study also finds that passive in-band network telemetry has the potential to replace active monitoring and can further reduce the overhead of a network monitoring system.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2023
Journal	Transactions on Mobile Computing
Pagination	1–18
Publisher	IEEE
ISSN	1558-0660
Keywords	Anomaly, Bottleneck, classification, congestion, Mobile Cloud Network, Telemetry
URL	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10239332
DOI	10.1109/TMC.2023.3312051

Contact person(s) for publication:

Thomas Dreibholz

Chief Research Engineer

Foivos Ioannis Michelinakis

Research Scientist

foivos@simula.no

Azza Hassan Mohamed Ahmed

Postdoctoral Fellow

azza@simula.no

Andres Felipe Ocampo Palacio

Postdoctoral Fellow

A. F. Ocampo, M. Fida, J. F. Botero, A. Elmokashfi and H. Bryhni

Opportunistic CPU Sharing in Mobile Edge Computing Deploying the Cloud-RAN

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (2023): 1.

Status: Published

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2023
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management
Pagination	1 - 1
Date Published	september/2023
Publisher	IEEE
Place Published	Transactions on Network and Service Management
ISSN	1932-4537
Other Numbers	2373-7379
URL	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10214346/http://xplorestaging.ieee....
DOI	10.1109/TNSM.2023.3304067

Contact person(s) for publication:

Andres Felipe Ocampo Palacio

Postdoctoral Fellow

A. F. O. Palacio, M. R. Fida, J. F. B. Vega, A. Elmokashfi and H. Bryhni

Opportunistic CPU sharing in Mobile Edge Computing deploying the Cloud-RAN

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (2023).

Status: Accepted

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2023
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management
Publisher	IEEE
Keywords	Cloud-RAN, Containers, Mobile edge computing, resource management
DOI	10.1109/TNSM.2023.3304067

Contact person(s) for publication:

Andres Felipe Ocampo Palacio

Postdoctoral Fellow

T. Dreibholz and S. Mazumdar

Towards a Lightweight Task Scheduling Framework for Cloud and Edge Platform

Internet of Things; Engineering Cyber Physical Human Systems (2023).

Status: Accepted

Abstract

Mobile devices are becoming ubiquitous in our daily lives, but they have limited computational capacity. Thanks to the advancement in the network infrastructure, task offloading from resource-constrained devices to the near edge and the cloud becomes possible and advantageous. Complete task offloading is now possible to almost limitless computing resources of public cloud platforms. Generally, the edge computing resources support latency-sensitive applications with limited computing resources, while the cloud supports latency-tolerant applications. This paper proposes one lightweight task-scheduling framework from cloud service provider perspective, for applications using both cloud and edge platforms. Here, the challenge is using edge and cloud resources efficiently when necessary. Such decisions have to be made quickly, with a small management overhead. Our framework aims at solving two research questions. They are: i) How to distribute tasks to the edge resource pools and multi-clouds? ii) How to manage these resource pools effectively with low overheads? To answer these two questions, we examine the performance of our proposed framework based on Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool). We have shown via simulations that RSerPool, with the correct usage and configuration of pool member selection policies, can accomplish the cloud/edge setup resource selection task with a small overhead.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2023
Journal	Internet of Things; Engineering Cyber Physical Human Systems
Publisher	Elsevier
Keywords	Cloud computing, Edge Computing, Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool), Resource Pools, Task Scheduling

Contact person(s) for publication:

Thomas Dreibholz

Chief Research Engineer

Proceedings, refereed

S. Bjørnstad, J. Ali and T. Dreibholz

Detecting Physical Impacts by Monitoring State of Polarisation in a Live Fibre-To-The-Home Data-Communication Air-Cable

In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS). Hamamatsu, Shizuoka/Japan: OPTICA, 2023.

Status: Accepted

Abstract

Heavy wind may tear cables down, damaging infrastructure, triggering outage in data-communication networks. We demonstrate local observations of wind in the access-network, monitoring State of Polarisation in a live Fiber-To-The-Home air-cable.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	GAIA, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet
Publication Type	Proceedings, refereed
Year of Publication	2023
Conference Name	Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS)
Date Published	11/2023
Publisher	OPTICA
Place Published	Hamamatsu, Shizuoka/Japan
Keywords	Fibre-To-The-Home, Monitoring, State of Polarisation

Contact person(s) for publication:

Thomas Dreibholz

Chief Research Engineer

Steinar Bjørnstad

Adjunct Senior Research Scientist

Jameel Ali

PhD Student

jameel@simula.no

T. Dreibholz

A Live Demonstration of HiPerConTracer 2.0

In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM). Split/Croatia, 2023.

Status: Accepted

Abstract

HiPerConTracer is an open source tool for large-scale, long-term, high-frequency Ping and Traceroute measurements. Using such measurements, it is possible to obtain information about latency in the network, as well as about the actual routing. This proposed live demo provides an overview over the tool and its features, as well as an introduction of how to use it for performing measurements, storing the results, querying selected results, and post-processing them for visualisation.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	NorNet, GAIA, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Publication Type	Proceedings, refereed
Year of Publication	2023
Conference Name	Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM)
Date Published	09/2023
Place Published	Split/Croatia
Keywords	HiPerConTracer, Internet, Measurement, Round-Trip Time, Tools, Traceroute

Contact person(s) for publication:

Thomas Dreibholz

Chief Research Engineer

S. Mazumdar and T. Dreibholz

Towards A Data Privacy-Aware Execution Zone Creation on Cloud/Fog Platform

In Proceedings of the 49th Euromicro Conference Series on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). Durrës/Albania: IEEE, 2023.

Status: Published

Abstract

Cloud computing is now a `go-to' platform for running various types of application. A wide spectrum of users needing software and hardware resources have embraced the cloud. Following the cloud business model, one is either a cloud-based service provider or a cloud service (hardware and software) user. There is a continuous evolution in the cloud ecosystem to support the ever-changing features of user applications. The cloud ecosystem has added a new resource delegation model to accommodate such new requirements. This new resource delegation model is known as fog. Both cloud and fog platforms employ complex hardware and software to provide better run-time support for applications. This paper presents a message-based privacy-aware application execution zone management framework for the cloud/fog platform. The framework aims to create a static execution zone based on the performance of the user application and the data privacy requirements. It also enables the user to set the resource termination conditions. Here, we have prototyped the proposed framework and showed how the proposed approach works with message structure and experiments with the P4 switch. We also present how the prototype could be implemented on a cloud/fog platform.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, NorNet, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing
Publication Type	Proceedings, refereed
Year of Publication	2023
Conference Name	Proceedings of the 49th Euromicro Conference Series on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)
Publisher	IEEE
Place Published	Durrës/Albania
Keywords	Cloud, Data, Fog, Message, Privacy, resource management

Contact person(s) for publication:

Thomas Dreibholz

Chief Research Engineer

T. Dreibholz

High-Precision Round-Trip Time Measurements in the Internet with HiPerConTracer

In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM). Split, Dalmacija/Croatia: IEEE, 2023.

Status: Published

Abstract

Accurately measuring Round-Trip Times (RTT) for Internet communications is important for various research topics, ranging from protocol performance and congestion control to routing and network security. Unix systems, particularly Linux and FreeBSD, provide some features to obtain network packet timing information, but there is a lack of documentation for these. With High-Performance Connectivity Tracer (HiPerConTracer), there is already an open source tool for running large-scale, long-running and high-frequency ICMP Ping and Traceroute measurements. However, it lacks support of high-precision timing. As part of this paper, first the network packet timestamping features of Unix systems are analysed and introduced, to provide the reader with a detailed overview over the available methods, their usage, as well as their limitations. Then, enhancements to HiPerConTracer are presented for adding high-precision timestamping support, as well as a UDP module to also perform UDP Ping and Traceroute measurements. Finally, the newly added features are demonstrated in a proof-of-concept analysis.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, GAIA, NorNet
Publication Type	Proceedings, refereed
Year of Publication	2023
Conference Name	Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM)
Date Published	09/2023
Publisher	IEEE
Place Published	Split, Dalmacija/Croatia
Keywords	HiPerConTracer, Internet, Measurement, Packet Timestamping, Round-Trip Time, Tools

Contact person(s) for publication:

Thomas Dreibholz

Chief Research Engineer

T. Dreibholz, S. Bjørnstad and J. Ali

A Scalable Infrastructure for Continuous State of Polarisation Monitoring for Revealing Security and Vulnerability Impacts in Optical Networks

In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL). Graz, Steiermark/Austria: IEEE, 2023.

Status: Published

Abstract

Optical networks are spanning the world. They are the main medium for carrying all types of data-traffic. From a vulnerability and security perspective, it is therefore the most important part of the network to protect against any physical impacts that may cause disruptions or security incidents. In this paper, we demonstrate and describe a scalable, low-cost monitoring system based on detecting the state of polarisation in the fibre cables. We give examples on how any direct movement of fibre-cables or fibre-cords as well as indirect vibrations on the cable can be detected, and how basic characteristics in the patterns can be used for recognition of these events.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, GAIA, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab
Publication Type	Proceedings, refereed
Year of Publication	2023
Conference Name	Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL)
Date Published	07/2023
Publisher	IEEE
Place Published	Graz, Steiermark/Austria
Keywords	Hardware, Infrastructure, Monitoring, Software, State of Polarisation

Contact person(s) for publication:

Thomas Dreibholz

Chief Research Engineer

Jameel Ali

PhD Student

jameel@simula.no

Steinar Bjørnstad

Adjunct Senior Research Scientist

S. Mazumdar and T. Dreibholz

Proactive Resource Orchestration Framework for Cloud/Fog Platform

In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC). Tunis/Tunisia: IEEE, 2023.

Status: Published

Abstract

Cloud computing makes complex computing an off-premise activity by offering software- and hardware-based services using standard security protocols over the Internet. It has been seen that the cloud is not ideal for latency-sensitive applications. Thanks to the current growth of network communication and infrastructure, fog adds a computing resource delegation layer between the user and the cloud. Fog aims to improve latency-sensitive applications support. Here, we propose one unified, proactive resource orchestration framework from a cloud/fog service provider perspective. The framework consists of a predictor and a resource allocator module. Users subscribe to these resources to execute their applications. The framework does not require application-specific information and is modular, meaning a service provider can customise each module. We have presented the framework prototype by showing each module's simulated performance results using the parameters of our cloud/fog research test bed.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing
Publication Type	Proceedings, refereed
Year of Publication	2023
Conference Name	Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)
Publisher	IEEE
Place Published	Tunis/Tunisia
Keywords	Cloud, Fog, Orchestration, Prediction, Resource Allocation

Contact person(s) for publication:

Thomas Dreibholz

Chief Research Engineer

The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications

Contact person(s):

Haakon Bryhni

Head of Department

Research Professor

The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications (CRNA) was established in 2014 as a response to modern society’s massive and increasing dependability on applications running on top of the Internet. CRNA focuses on the robustness and security of ICT infrastructures, by which we mean that applications should continue to function at the best possible level of quality and security, even in the presence of technical failures, unplanned excessive load, design and implementation flaws in specific components, human error and malicious intent.

The Center receives base funding from the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications. The Ministry has given the Center specific responsibilities through a mandate that includes operating an infrastructure for monitoring the state of the Norwegian telecommunications infrastructure, in particular the mobile broadband networks, and publishing an annual report on that. There is a tight integration between CRNA and Simula@UiB. Whereas CRNA concentrates on safety aspects of digital infrastructures, Simula@UiB has deep expertise in security. CRNA has also established partnerships with mobile operators and relevant stakeholders.

During the past few years, CRNA has made a number of key scientific and societal contributions. These include contributions to education and science through the education of master and PhD students and the publication of numerous articles in high impact and respected venues. CRNA has also contributed to informing policy makers and network operators on issues related to digital vulnerability and network performance.

Mandate for CRNA

The Center will undertake long-term research and innovation at a high international level, on robustness and reliability of communications networks and applications. The Center will educate experts on the doctoral and magisterial levels in cooperation with universities and university colleges.

Furthermore, the Center will have responsibility for maintaining and running a research infrastructure for measuring the Norwegian telecommunications network. This research infrastructure will be made available for research groups at universities and university colleges. The Center wishes to provide measurement and monitoring services for regions, municipalities, industry and public enterprises in Norway. The Center will produce an annual report on the state of the Norwegian communications infrastructure to the Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority.

The Center's ambition is to be the nationally leading research institution within research on reliable ICT infrastructures, and collaborate with other research institutions that have expertise that will not be naturally covered by the Center. It will be expected that the Center collects additional funding from sources such as the Norwegian Research Council. EU research programmes, industry and relevant parts of the public administration.

The Center is part of Simula Metropolitan CDE organisational structure. CRNA will perform annual management and dialogue meetings with the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communication and the Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority. The work performed at the Center will be evaluated by the Research Council every five years. The criteria for evaluation will be related to scientific quality and relevance to society. The annual budgets for the Center are dependent on grants from the state budget and will be considered on the background of the evaluation results

Publications for The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications

2023

Journal Article

P. Teymoori, M. Welzl and D. Hayes

LGCC: A Novel High-Throughput and Low Delay Paradigm Shift in Multi-Hop Congestion Control

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (2023): 1-16.

Status: Published

Abstract

Technological advancements have provided wireless links with very high data rate capacity for 5G/6G mobile networks and WiFi 6, which will be widely deployed by 2025. However, the capacity can have substantial fluctuations, violating the assumption at the transport layer that the capacity is (almost) steady. In this paper, we present a general and efficient, yet deployable solution to this problem through a novel design empowered with a rich theory, allowing a significantly improved experience in using new technologies, especially mobile cellular services. We employ the well-known theory of food-chain models in biology, where a bottleneck link can be modeled as prey, while flows are predators. We extend this model to a chain of predators and preys to form a multi-hop congestion controller, called LGCC. Through simulation evaluation with real-life 5G traces we show the effectiveness of LGCC, compared with the state-of-the-art ABC (Accel-Brake Control). Our results show an order of magnitude bottleneck queuing delay decrease, with only a small decrease in throughput because LGCC tries to never exceed link capacities. LGCC’s design can additionally open a new paradigm in stable multi-hop congestion control and flow aggregation.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2023
Journal	IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
Pagination	1-16
Date Published	08/2023
Publisher	IEEE
ISSN	1558-2566
Keywords	5G/6G, food chain, logistic growth, Multi-hop congestion control
URL	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10216921
DOI	10.1109/TNET.2023.3301291

Contact person(s) for publication:

Haakon Bryhni

Head of Department

Research Professor

Jennifer Hazen

Senior Research Advisor

jennifer@simula.no

M. Fida, A. H. M. Ahmed, T. Dreibholz, A. F. Ocampo, A. M. Elmokashfi and F. I. Michelinakis

Bottleneck Identification in Cloudified Mobile Networks based on Distributed Telemetry

Transactions on Mobile Computing (2023): 1-18.

Status: Published

Abstract

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2023
Journal	Transactions on Mobile Computing
Pagination	1–18
Publisher	IEEE
ISSN	1558-0660
Keywords	Anomaly, Bottleneck, classification, congestion, Mobile Cloud Network, Telemetry
URL	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10239332
DOI	10.1109/TMC.2023.3312051

Contact person(s) for publication:

Thomas Dreibholz

Chief Research Engineer

Foivos Ioannis Michelinakis

Research Scientist

foivos@simula.no

Azza Hassan Mohamed Ahmed

Postdoctoral Fellow

azza@simula.no

Andres Felipe Ocampo Palacio

Postdoctoral Fellow

A. F. Ocampo, M. Fida, J. F. Botero, A. Elmokashfi and H. Bryhni

Opportunistic CPU Sharing in Mobile Edge Computing Deploying the Cloud-RAN

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (2023): 1.

Status: Published

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2023
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management
Pagination	1 - 1
Date Published	september/2023
Publisher	IEEE
Place Published	Transactions on Network and Service Management
ISSN	1932-4537
Other Numbers	2373-7379
URL	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10214346/http://xplorestaging.ieee....
DOI	10.1109/TNSM.2023.3304067

Contact person(s) for publication:

Andres Felipe Ocampo Palacio

Postdoctoral Fellow

A. F. O. Palacio, M. R. Fida, J. F. B. Vega, A. Elmokashfi and H. Bryhni

Opportunistic CPU sharing in Mobile Edge Computing deploying the Cloud-RAN

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (2023).

Status: Accepted

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2023
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management
Publisher	IEEE
Keywords	Cloud-RAN, Containers, Mobile edge computing, resource management
DOI	10.1109/TNSM.2023.3304067

Contact person(s) for publication:

Andres Felipe Ocampo Palacio

Postdoctoral Fellow

D. A. Hayes, D. Ros and Ø. Ytrehus

Proxy Path Scheduling and Erasure Reconstruction for Low Delay mmWave Communication

IEEE Communications Letters 27, no. 6 (2023): 1649-1653.

Status: Published

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Information Theory Section
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2023
Journal	IEEE Communications Letters
Volume	27
Issue	6
Pagination	1649-1653
Date Published	06/2023
Publisher	IEEE
ISSN	1558-2558
Keywords	erasure reconstruction, mmWave, Multipath scheduling
URL	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10107383
DOI	10.1109/LCOMM.2023.3269526

Contact person(s) for publication:

David Ros

EU Scientific Advisor

dros@simula.no

Øyvind Ytrehus

Research Director

oyvindy@simula.no

M. Kitsak, A. Ganin, A. Elmokashfi, H. Cui, D. A. Eisenberg, D. L. Alderson, D. Korkin and I. Linkov

Finding shortest and nearly shortest path nodes in large substantially incomplete networks by hyperbolic mapping

Nature Communications 14 (2023).

Status: Published

Abstract

<p>Dynamic processes on networks, be it information transfer in the Internet, contagious spreading in a social network, or neural signaling, take place along shortest or nearly shortest paths. Computing shortest paths is a straightforward task when the network of interest is fully known, and there are a plethora of computational algorithms for this purpose. Unfortunately, our maps of most large networks are substantially incomplete due to either the highly dynamic nature of networks, or high cost of network measurements, or both, rendering traditional path finding methods inefficient. We find that shortest paths in large real networks, such as the network of protein-protein interactions and the Internet at the autonomous system level, are not random but are organized according to latent-geometric rules. If nodes of these networks are mapped to points in latent hyperbolic spaces, shortest paths in them align along geodesic curves connecting endpoint nodes. We find that this alignment is sufficiently strong to allow for the identification of shortest path nodes even in the case of substantially incomplete networks, where numbers of missing links exceed those of observable links. We demonstrate the utility of latent-geometric path finding in problems of cellular pathway reconstruction and communication security.</p>

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2023
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	14
Number	186
Publisher	Nature

T. Dreibholz and S. Mazumdar

Towards a Lightweight Task Scheduling Framework for Cloud and Edge Platform

Internet of Things; Engineering Cyber Physical Human Systems (2023).

Status: Accepted

Abstract

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2023
Journal	Internet of Things; Engineering Cyber Physical Human Systems
Publisher	Elsevier
Keywords	Cloud computing, Edge Computing, Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool), Resource Pools, Task Scheduling

Contact person(s) for publication:

Thomas Dreibholz

Chief Research Engineer

Miscellaneous

S. Bjørnstad, A. Tysdal and C. Lammenes

Increasing Availability of Subsea Telecom Infrastructure Through Monitoring Vibrations in Optical Fibre Subsea Cables

Submarine Telecoms Forum, 2023.

Status: Published

Abstract

Society’s reliance on telecommunication infrastructure continues to grow as both energy and telecommunications solutions share mutual dependencies. This dependency calls for increased monitoring of fibre networks and fibre optic subsea cables, which serve as the backbone of connectivity for all digital communications.

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and State of Polari- sation (SoP) monitoring provide real-time measurements of vibrations and potential mechanical interference which could impact the cable. Implementation of these sensing technologies mitigate risk to the infrastructure, preventing equipment failure and downtime. In particular, any unexpected movements caused by subsea activities such as passing trawlers, hooking of equipment on the seabed, and any geophysical phenomena can be traced so that appropriate action could be taken.

This article will explain the capability and benefits of the monitoring system and how Tampnet utilises this system for monitoring its vast subsea and terrestrial cable systems.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, GAIA
Publication Type	Miscellaneous
Year of Publication	2023
Publisher	Submarine Telecoms Forum
URL	https://subtelforum.com/subtel-forum-magazine-131-regional-systems/

Contact person(s) for publication:

Steinar Bjørnstad

Adjunct Senior Research Scientist

Jennifer Hazen

Senior Research Advisor

jennifer@simula.no

PhD Thesis

A. H. M. Ahmed

Control Principles for Autonomous Communication Networks

In Oslomet, 2023.

Status: Published

Abstract

The growing complexity of communication networks and the explosion of network traffic have made the task of managing these networks exceedingly hard. A potential approach for striking this increasing complexity is to build an autonomous self-driving network that can measure, analyze and control itself in real time and in an automated fashion with- out direct human intervention. In this thesis, we focus on realizing such an autonomous network leveraging state-of-the-art networking technologies along with artificial intelli- gence and machine learning techniques. Toward this goal, we exploit different learning paradigms to automate network management. First, we propose supervised machine learning methods to detect increases in delays in mobile broadband networks. Further, considering the challenges of supervised learning in networking applications, we present a novel real-time distributed architecture for detecting anomalies in mobile network data in an unsupervised fashion. It also involves a collaborative framework for knowledge sharing between the distributed probes in the network to improve the overall system accuracy. Second, we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning based control framework for op- timizing resources utilization while minimizing performance degradation in multi-slice Radio Access Network (RAN) through a set of diverse control actions. We explore both centralized and distributed control architectures. Last, we design a framework for timely collecting telemetry, detecting and attributing outages in mobile networks. We evaluate our framework on a software defined virtualised testbed that resembles a cloudified mobile network.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Publication Type	PhD Thesis
Year of Publication	2023
Degree awarding institution	Oslomet

Contact person(s) for publication:

Azza Hassan Mohamed Ahmed

Postdoctoral Fellow

azza@simula.no

Proceedings, refereed

S. Bjørnstad, J. Ali and T. Dreibholz

Detecting Physical Impacts by Monitoring State of Polarisation in a Live Fibre-To-The-Home Data-Communication Air-Cable

In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS). Hamamatsu, Shizuoka/Japan: OPTICA, 2023.

Status: Accepted

Abstract

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	GAIA, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NorNet
Publication Type	Proceedings, refereed
Year of Publication	2023
Conference Name	Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS)
Date Published	11/2023
Publisher	OPTICA
Place Published	Hamamatsu, Shizuoka/Japan
Keywords	Fibre-To-The-Home, Monitoring, State of Polarisation

Contact person(s) for publication:

Thomas Dreibholz

Chief Research Engineer

Steinar Bjørnstad

Adjunct Senior Research Scientist

Jameel Ali

PhD Student

jameel@simula.no

Publications

2023

Proceedings, refereed

L. Gjesvik, A. L. Khanyari and N. N. Schia

Digital Supply Chain Dependency and Resilience

In 15th International Conference on Cyber Conflict. CCDCOE Publications, 2023.

Status: Published

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, GAIA
Publication Type	Proceedings, refereed
Year of Publication	2023
Conference Name	15th International Conference on Cyber Conflict
Publisher	CCDCOE Publications

Contact person(s) for publication:

Azan Latif Khanyari

Affiliated PhD student

azan@simula.no

A. F. Ocampo and H. Bryhni

On the realization of Cloud-RAN on Mobile Edge Computing

In International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA-2023). 655th ed. Vol. 3. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems: Springer, 2023.

Status: Published

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Publication Type	Proceedings, refereed
Year of Publication	2023
Conference Name	International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA-2023)
Volume	3
Edition	655
Date Published	03/2023
Publisher	Springer
Place Published	Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
ISBN Number	978-3-031-28693-3

Contact person(s) for publication:

Andres Felipe Ocampo Palacio

Postdoctoral Fellow

A. F. Ocampo, M. Fida, J. F. Botero, A. Elmokashfi and H. Bryhni

PRINCIPIA: Opportunistic CPU and CPU-shares Allocation for Containerized Virtualization in Mobile Edge Computing

In IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium. IEEE, 2023.

Status: Published

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab
Publication Type	Proceedings, refereed
Year of Publication	2023
Conference Name	IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium
Publisher	IEEE

Contact person(s) for publication:

Andres Felipe Ocampo Palacio

Postdoctoral Fellow

Journal Article

A. F. O. Palacio, M. R. Fida, J. F. B. Vega, A. Elmokashfi and H. Bryhni

Opportunistic CPU sharing in Mobile Edge Computing deploying the Cloud-RAN

IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (2023).

Status: Accepted

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2023
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management
Publisher	IEEE
Keywords	Cloud-RAN, Containers, Mobile edge computing, resource management
DOI	10.1109/TNSM.2023.3304067

Contact person(s) for publication:

Andres Felipe Ocampo Palacio

Postdoctoral Fellow

2022

Proceedings, refereed

J. M. Evang, A. H. M. Ahmed, A. Elmokashfi and H. Bryhni

Crosslayer Network Outage Classification Using Machine Learning

In Applied Networking Research Workshop (ANRW). ACM, 2022.

Status: Published

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, GAIA
Publication Type	Proceedings, refereed
Year of Publication	2022
Conference Name	Applied Networking Research Workshop (ANRW)
Pagination	1-7
Publisher	ACM

Public outreach

O. Lysne and H. Bryhni

Hvor ble det av cyberkrigen?

Aftenposten, 2022.

Status: Published

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, GAIA
Publication Type	Public outreach
Year of Publication	2022
Publisher	Aftenposten

O. Lysne and H. Bryhni

Hvorfor venter vi «skandale» hver gang it-sikkerheten sjekkes i staten?

Dagens Næringsliv, 2022.

Status: Published

Abstract

Det eneste som kan gi bedre datasikkerhet i staten raskt, er at politikerne tar beslutninger som går på tvers av sektorene. Mer ansvar og myndighet til NSM og Justisdepartementet er en mulig løsning.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Publication Type	Public outreach
Year of Publication	2022
Date Published	11/2022
Publisher	Dagens Næringsliv
Type of Work	Popular science
Keywords	Security
URL	https://www.dn.no/innlegg/datasikkerhet/it-sikkerhet/cyberangrep/hvorfor...

Contact person(s) for publication:

Haakon Bryhni

Head of Department

Research Professor

O. Lysne and H. Bryhni

What happened to the cyberwar

In Hvor ble det av cyberkrigen? https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/i/nWKolo/hvor-ble-det-av-cyberkrigen: Aftenposten, 2022.

Status: Published

Abstract

Professor Olav Lysne, Director of SimulaMet and Haakon Bryhni, head of CRNA at SimulaMet recently published an op-ed in Aftenposten discussing cyber warfare in Ukraine.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, GAIA
Publication Type	Public outreach
Year of Publication	2022
Secondary Title	Hvor ble det av cyberkrigen?
Date Published	03/2022
Publisher	Aftenposten
Place Published	https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/i/nWKolo/hvor-ble-det-av-cyberkrigen
Type of Work	Popular science article
Keywords	Applications, cyberwar, Internet, reliable, Security
URL	https://www.simulamet.no/content/what-happened-cyberwar

Contact person(s) for publication:

Haakon Bryhni

Head of Department

Research Professor

Journal Article

C. Rong, J. Geng, T. J. Hacker, M. G. Jaatun and H. Bryhni

OpenIaC: open infrastructure as code - the network is my computer

Journal of Cloud Computing 11 (2022).

Status: Published

Abstract

Modern information systems are built fron a complex composition of networks, infrastructure, devices, services, and applications, interconnected by data flows that are often private and financially sensitive. The 5G networks, which can create hyperlocalized services, have highlighted many of the deficiencies of current practices in use today to create and operate information systems. Emerging cloud computing techniques, such as Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) and elastic computing, offer a path for a future re-imagining of how we create, deploy, secure, operate, and retire information systems. In this paper, we articulate the position that a comprehensive new approach is needed for all OSI layers from layer 2 up to applications that are built on underlying principles that include reproducibility, continuous integration/continuous delivery, auditability, and versioning. There are obvious needs to redesign and optimize the protocols from the network layer to the application layer. Our vision seeks to augment existing Cloud Computing and Networking solutions with support for multiple cloud infrastructures and seamless integration of cloud-based microservices. To address these issues, we propose an approach named Open Infrastructure as Code (OpenIaC), which is an attempt to provide a common open forum to integrate and build on advances in cloud computing and blockchain to address the needs of modern information architectures. The main mission of our OpenIaC approach is to provide services based on the principles of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) among the federation of connected resources based on Decentralized Identity (DID). Our objectives include the creation of an open-source hub with fine-grained access control for an open and connected infrastructure of shared resources (sensing, storage, computing, 3D printing, etc.) managed by blockchains and federations. Our proposed approach has the potential to provide a path for developing new platforms, business models, and a modernized information ecosystem necessary for 5G networks.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2022
Journal	Journal of Cloud Computing
Volume	11
Number	12
Date Published	05/2022
Publisher	Springer
Place Published	Journal of Cloud Computing
Keywords	5G networks, Cloud, edge, infrastructure-as-Code, OPenIaC

Contact person(s) for publication:

Haakon Bryhni

Head of Department

Research Professor

Talks, invited

Reliability and security in future telecommunication networks

In Inside Telecom conference, Scandic hotel, Fornebu, Norway. Inside Telecom conference: Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Centre for Resilient Networks and Applications (CRNA), 2022.

Status: Published

Abstract

The talk address Reliability and security in future telecommunication networks reporting work from SimulaMet SMIL laboratory and the GAIA-project, explaining dependencies and vulnerabilities of current telecommunication networks and applications and how to address these to form robust and reliable networks and services.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab
Publication Type	Talks, invited
Year of Publication	2022
Location of Talk	Inside Telecom conference, Scandic hotel, Fornebu, Norway
Publisher	Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Centre for Resilient Networks and Applications (CRNA)
Place Published	Inside Telecom conference
Type of Talk	Invited talk
Keywords	5G, Applications, Cloud services, geographical dependencies, network measurements, Resilience, Robustness

Contact person(s) for publication:

Haakon Bryhni

Head of Department

Research Professor

Talk, keynote

Research-based Innovation

In Grundergarasjen at SimulaMet, Oslo, Norway. Grundergarasjen: Grundergarasjen, 2022.

Status: Published

Abstract

Grundergarasjen Bootcamp presentation

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering
Publication Type	Talk, keynote
Year of Publication	2022
Location of Talk	Grundergarasjen at SimulaMet, Oslo, Norway
Date Published	01/2022
Publisher	Grundergarasjen
Place Published	Grundergarasjen
Type of Talk	Keynote
Keywords	Research based innovation

Contact person(s) for publication:

Haakon Bryhni

Head of Department

Research Professor

Robust ICT infrastructure during Hybrid Warfare

In Teknologirådet, Stortinget, Oslo, Norway. Teknologirådet, Stortinget: Simula Metropolitan Centre for Digital Engineering, 2022.

Status: Published

Abstract

The talk "Robust ICT infrastructure during Hybrid Warfare" discussed how to achieve more robust network connectivity in the light of hybrid warfare.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Publication Type	Talk, keynote
Year of Publication	2022
Location of Talk	Teknologirådet, Stortinget, Oslo, Norway
Date Published	11/2022
Publisher	Simula Metropolitan Centre for Digital Engineering
Place Published	Teknologirådet, Stortinget
Type of Talk	Keynote
Keywords	5G, Cloud services, Robustness, Seacables

2021

Public outreach

S. Gotaas, S. Larsen, S. Seres, H. Bryhni, B. Steen, I. Aaberg and B. Remseth

5G-race is on. Sweden and Germany shows the way.

In 5G-racet starter nå. Sverige og Tyskland viser vei. aftenposten.no: Aftenposten, 2021.

Status: Published

Abstract

Vi trenger mulighet for rask og ubyråkratisk etablering av lokale nett for å skape bredde og kraft i norsk 5G-innovasjon.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering
Publication Type	Public outreach
Year of Publication	2021
Secondary Title	5G-racet starter nå. Sverige og Tyskland viser vei.
Date Published	03/2021
Publisher	Aftenposten
Place Published	aftenposten.no
Type of Work	Popular science
Keywords	5G, frequency, innovation, regulatory
URL	https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/i/yRmWXg/5g-racet-starter-naa...

Poster

A. L. Khanyari

A decade of evolution in telecommunications infrastructure

In Poster: A decade of evolution in telecommunications infrastructure. IMC 21: IMC , 2021.

Status: Published

Abstract

Characterizing countries’ standing in terms of the maturity of their telecommunications infrastructure is paramount to inform policy and investments. Here, we use a broad set of features to group countries according to the state of their infrastructures and track how this has changed between 2010 and 2020. While a few nations continue to dominate, the membership of this club has changed with several European countries leaving

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Publication Type	Poster
Year of Publication	2021
Secondary Title	Poster: A decade of evolution in telecommunications infrastructure
Date Published	10/2021
Publisher	IMC
Place Published	IMC 21
Type of Work	Internet measurements

Contact person(s) for publication:

Azan Latif Khanyari

Affiliated PhD student

azan@simula.no

Journal Article

A. Elmokashfi, A. Arouna, I. Livadariu, M. Fida, A. Kvalbein, A. S. Al-Selwi, T. Dreibholz and H. Bryhni

A Multi-Perspective Study of Internet Performance during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Arxiv (2021).

Status: Published

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, GAIA
Publication Type	Journal Article
Year of Publication	2021
Journal	Arxiv
Publisher	Arxiv
Place Published	Arrxiv.org
Keywords	COVID, Internet, network
DOI	10.48550/arXiv.2101.05030

Contact person(s) for publication:

Haakon Bryhni

Head of Department

Research Professor

2020

Public outreach

5G - a big computer!

Digi.no: Teknisk Ukeblad Media AS, 2020.

Status: Published

Abstract

Article about the SimulaMet SMIL lab

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Publication Type	Public outreach
Year of Publication	2020
Date Published	02/2020
Publisher	Teknisk Ukeblad Media AS
Place Published	Digi.no
Type of Work	Popular science article
Keywords	5G, GAIA, SMIL
URL	https://www.digi.no/artikler/5g-en-stor-datamaskin/485861

Contact person(s) for publication:

Haakon Bryhni

Head of Department

Research Professor

Teknisk sett - Episode 258 – 5G er en stor datamaskin (Podcast)

pcast.no: Teknisk ukeblad, 2020.

Status: Published

Abstract

Podcast om 5G-nettet

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering
Publication Type	Public outreach
Year of Publication	2020
Publisher	Teknisk ukeblad
Place Published	pcast.no
Type of Work	Popular science
Keywords	5G mobile communication
URL	https://www.pcast.no/podcast/episode-258-5g-er-en-stor-datamaskin/

Contact person(s) for publication:

Haakon Bryhni

Head of Department

Research Professor

Teknologihandel mellom Norge og Kina? (Podcast)

polyteknisk.no: Polyteknisk forening, 2020.

Status: Published

Abstract

The podcast discuss technology trade questions related to communication networks and microprocessor trade.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Publication Type	Public outreach
Year of Publication	2020
Publisher	Polyteknisk forening
Place Published	polyteknisk.no
Type of Work	Popular science
Keywords	5G mobile communication, Microprocessors
URL	https://www.polyteknisk.no/lytt-til-polypod-teknologihandel-mellom-norge...

Contact person(s) for publication:

Haakon Bryhni

Head of Department

Research Professor

Talk, keynote

Emerging technology divide in areas like 5G infrastructure and microprocessors

In NHO. NHO conference: NHO, 2020.

Status: Published

Abstract

Emerging technology divide in areas like 5G infrastructures and microprocessors

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, GAIA, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Publication Type	Talk, keynote
Year of Publication	2020
Location of Talk	NHO
Date Published	11/2022
Publisher	NHO
Place Published	NHO conference
Type of Talk	Keynote

Proceedings, refereed

A. F. Ocampo, M. Fida, A. Elmokashfi and H. Bryhni

Evaluating the Cloud-RAN architecture: functional splitting and switched Ethernet Xhaul

In 16th International Conference on Network and Service Management, CNSM 2020. Izmir Turkey and Virtual Conference: IEEE/IFIP, 2020.

Status: Published

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Publication Type	Proceedings, refereed
Year of Publication	2020
Conference Name	16th International Conference on Network and Service Management, CNSM 2020
Date Published	11/2020
Publisher	IEEE/IFIP
Place Published	Izmir Turkey and Virtual Conference
URL	http://dl.ifip.org/db/conf/cnsm/cnsm2020/1570663439.pdf
Reprint Edition	http://dl.ifip.org/db/conf/cnsm/cnsm2020/1570663439.pdf

A. F. Ocampo, T. Dreibholz, M. Fida, A. Elmokashfi and H. Bryhni

Integrating Cloud-RAN with Packet Core as VNF Using Open Source MANO and OpenAirInterface

In Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). Sydney, New South Wales/Australia: IEEE Computer Society, 2020.

Status: Published

Abstract

The Cloud-based Radio Access Network (Cloud-RAN) architecture and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are key enablers to building future mobile networks in a flexible and cost-efficient way. With early deployments of the fifth generation of mobile technologies - 5G - around the world, setting up 4G/5G experimental infrastructures is necessary to optimally design 5G networks. In this demo, we present a custom small-scale 4G/5G testbed based on OpenAirInterface and Open Source MANO. The testbed integrates a Cloud-RAN based on switched Ethernet Xhaul and functional splitting, with an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) deployed as a Virtual Network Function (VNF) in a cloud infrastructure. Using Open Source MANO, this demo shows the administration and monitoring of the EPC VNF components. Moreover, as proof of concept, collection and visualization of telemetry will be shown for two smart-phones connected to the network through the Cloud-RAN.

Afilliation	Communication Systems
Project(s)	The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, NorNet, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure , SMIL: SimulaMet Interoperability Lab
Publication Type	Proceedings, refereed
Year of Publication	2020
Conference Name	Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)
Date Published	11/2020
Publisher	IEEE Computer Society
Place Published	Sydney, New South Wales/Australia
Keywords	Cloud Radio Access Network (Cloud-RAN), Ethernet Xhaul, Fronthaul, Functional Splits, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Open Source MANO (OSM)

Contact person(s) for publication:

Thomas Dreibholz

Chief Research Engineer

Andres Felipe Ocampo Palacio

Postdoctoral Fellow

Haakon Bryhni

Head of Department

Research Professor