The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
CRNA focuses on the robustness and security of ICT infrastructures, by which we mean that applications should continue to function at the best possible level of quality and security, even in the presence of technical failures, unplanned excessive load, design and implementation flaws in specific components, human error and malicious intent. The center was established as a response to modern society’s massive and increasing dependability on applications running on top of the Internet.
The Center receives base funding from the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications. The Ministry has given the Center specific responsibilities through a mandate that includes operating an infrastructure for monitoring the state of the Norwegian telecommunications infrastructure, in particular the mobile broadband networks, and publishing an annual report on that. There is a tight integration between CRNA and Simula UiB. Whereas CRNA concentrates on safety aspects of digital infrastructures, Simula UiB has deep expertise in security. CRNA has also established partnerships with mobile operators and relevant stakeholders.
During the past few years, CRNA has made a number of key scientific and societal contributions. These include contributions to education and science through the education of master and PhD students and the publication of numerous articles in high impact and respected venues. CRNA has also contributed to informing policy makers and network operators on issues related to digital vulnerability and network performance.
You can find CRNA's LinkedIn page here.
Mandate for CRNA
The Center will undertake long-term research and innovation at a high international level, on robustness and reliability of communications networks and applications. The Center will educate experts on the doctoral and magisterial levels in cooperation with universities and university colleges.
Furthermore, the Center will have responsibility for maintaining and running a research infrastructure for measuring the Norwegian telecommunications network. This research infrastructure will be made available for research groups at universities and university colleges. The Center wishes to provide measurement and monitoring services for regions, municipalities, industry and public enterprises in Norway. The Center will produce an annual report on the state of the Norwegian communications infrastructure to the Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority.
The Center's ambition is to be the nationally leading research institution within research on reliable ICT infrastructures, and collaborate with other research institutions that have expertise that will not be naturally covered by the Center. It will be expected that the Center collects additional funding from sources such as the Norwegian Research Council. EU research programmes, industry and relevant parts of the public administration.
The Center is part of Simula Metropolitan CDE organisational structure. CRNA will perform annual management and dialogue meetings with the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communication and the Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority. The work performed at the Center will be evaluated by the Research Council every five years. The criteria for evaluation will be related to scientific quality and relevance to society. The annual budgets for the Center are dependent on grants from the state budget and will be considered on the background of the evaluation results
People at The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Who we are?
Simula Metropolitan employees are researchers, postdoctoral fellows, PhD students, engineers and administrative people. We are from all over the world, ranging from newly educated to experienced researchers, all working on making research in digital engineering at the highest international level possible.
Projects at The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
GAIA
Background
Recent advances in cloud computing and higher network capacities have led to online services being hosted at diverse geographic locations. Outsourcing of services for commercial reasons have become common. The growth of the internet infrastructure has happened dynamically and has been based on trust. Therefore, many countries now rely on services that are not contained within their respective national borders. These may be general services, such as Google, WhatsApp and Facebook as well as the DNS infrastructure and microservices critical to national services like health and online banking.
This development has led to our society becoming increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks and major disruptions. Recent increases in cyber attacks and their potential harmful ramifications have made combating cyber vulnerabilities a national security priority. Consequently, an increasing number of states are calling for tighter controls on service placement and Internet connectivity in order to maintain national autonomy. While these fears could be warranted, a premature push in this direction may undermine the very fabric of openness and trust that binds the Internet together.
In this respect, GAIA aims to fill an important gap in our current knowledge, which is the lack of maps that describe the geographic distribution of online services. Such maps will provide an understanding of how Internet traffic travels between different countries and allow us to explore how internet connectivity interplays with geopolitics. GAIA will achieve that through an interdisciplinary effort that combines technological and political aspects of the problem. To this end, the project consortium comprises a unique set of stakeholders, including computer scientists, social and political scientists, regulatory bodies and network operators.
See GAIA's webpages here.
Partner
SimulaMet is partnering with The Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) to deliver this project.
Outcomes
The insights gained by the GAIA project will help reducing the vulnerability of our society to potential harmful attacks on communication infrastructures which in worse case could harm our economy, endager our democracy and even result in loss of
The envisioned results of GAIA will thus contribute to improve our understanding of the complex interplay between digital vulnerabilities and national autonomy, which will be of relevance to policy makers, technologists and end users.
And just as important, GAIA's findings will provide regulators and policy makers with expert opinions that will help navigating the intricate conflict of interest between national autonomy and the trust-based openness on which the current Internet is based.
Consortium and methods
The project consortium comprises a unique set of stakeholders, including computer scientists, social and political scientists, regulatory bodies and network operators. GAIA will be using a combination of methods; measurement and data analytics, testbed experimentations as well as interviews and case studies.
5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure
5G-VINNI will accelerate the uptake of 5G in Europe by providing an end-to-end (E2E) facility that validates the performance of new 5G technologies by operating trials of advanced vertical sector services. The 5G-VINNI strategy to achieve this involves:
- Designing the most advanced 5G facility to demonstrate that technical and business 5G KPIs can be met,
- Building and operating 7 interworking instances of the E2E facility to prove the capabilities and openness of the system,
- Creating user friendly zero-touch orchestration, operations and management systems for the 5G-VINNI facilities to ensure operational efficiencies and optimal resource use,
- Proving the 5G-VINNI capabilities through extensive experiments and measurements of performance against the 5G KPIs,
- Developing a viable 5G ecosystem model to support the NaaS infrastructure provision as a sustainable business beyond the project, and
- Promoting the value of 5G-VINNI results to the relevant standards bodies and open source communities.
The 5G-VINNI E2E facility will demonstrate the achievement of 5G KPIs across a range of combinations and permutations of new 5G access technologies and end-user equipment types interconnected by the most advanced 5G core network technologies available. For this 5G-VINNI will leverage the latest 5G technologies, including results from previous 5G PPP projects. This approach employs Network Function Virtualization, Network Slicing and a rigorous automated testing campaign to validate the 5G KPIs under various combinations of technologies and network loads.
To ensure realistic load scenarios 5G-VINNI will create and make available an openness framework to give verticals and peer projects easy access to the 5G-VINNI facilities, both legally and technically, e.g. via open APIs. The 5G-VINNI facilities include 7 infrastructure instances in nationally supported 5G nodes across Europe; this number may be expanded as the ICT-19 projects come on-line in 2019.
Funding source
This project has received funding from the European Horizon 2020 Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 815279 - 5G VINNI
All partners
Simula Metropolitan Centre for Digital Engineering (Norway)
Telenor ASA (Norway)
British Telecommunications Public Limited Company (UK)
Telefonica Investigacion y Desarollo SA TID (Spain)
Samsung Electronics (UK)
Limited SAMS (UK)
Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GMBH (Germany)
Huawei Technologies Norway AS (Norway)
Ericsson AS (Norway)
Nokia Solutions and Networks (Finland)
Software Radio Systems Limited SRS 9Ireland)
Lime Microsystems LTD (UK)
EANTC Aktiengesellschaft (Germany)
Keysight Technologies (Denmark)
APS KEYS (Denmark)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung E.V. FHG (Germany)
EURESCOM-European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in Telecommunications GMBH EUR (Germany)
Altice Labs SA (Portugal)
Panepistimio Patron UOP (Greece)
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Spain)
Athens University of Economics and Business – Research Center AUEB (Greece)
Intracom SA Telecom Solutions ICOM (Greece)
SES Techcom SA SES (Luxembourg)
Cisco Norway AS (Norway)
Engineering-Ingegneria Informatica SPA (Italy)
Social media presence
Publications at The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Towards Closed Loop 5G Service Assurance Architecture for Network Slices as a Service
In European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC), 2019.Status: Published
Towards Closed Loop 5G Service Assurance Architecture for Network Slices as a Service
5G intends to use network slicing to support multiple vertical industries. The dynamic resource sharing and diverse customer requirements bring new challenges towards service assurance (SA), such as automation and customer-centric. As a response to these challenges, this paper proposes a hierarchical, modular, distributed, and scalable SA architecture. This paper highlights an important key feature SA coordination, which is facilitated by three new SA functions, SA interpretation, SA policy management, anddata fabric. Three closed-loops are introduced to coordinate and realize automation of service management. Challenges associated with realizing SA are briefly discussed and will be addressed by leveraging the 5G infrastructure developed within the H2020-ICT-17 project 5G-VINNI.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | 5G-VINNI: 5G Verticals INNovation Infrastructure |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Conference Name | European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC) |
LUCS: Learning to Understand and Control nation-wide Smart grids of energy prosumers
The educational objective of LUCS is to provide knowledge and experience that will assist Masters and early doctoral students with experiment design and performance analyses of smart grid systems. The research-related objectives of LUCS are to facilitate interaction of researchers for the purpose of:
- Integrating and developing a communication-smart grid testbed,
- Use this testbed to investigate the performance bounds of today's smart grid systems, and
- Developing and implementing novel approaches to improve the performance and robustness of the smart grid systems.
Final goal
LUCS will conduct four main activities:
- Organize 3 summer schools
- Develop a common smart grid curriculum at University of Oslo and Technical University of Berlin
- Organize yearly research workshops
- Sponsor the mobility of researchers to strengthen the group collaboration
All of these activities rely on the development of an integrated testbed based on the partners' existing testbeds.
Funding source
The Research Council of Norway
All partners
- Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Norway
- Simula Research Laboratory, Norway
- University of Oslo, Norway
- Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin), Germany
- German Turkish Advanced Research Center for ICT (GT-ARC) Germany
Project leader
Sabita Maharjan, Center for Digital Engineering, Simula@OsloMet, Norway
DOMINOS: Dissecting and Modeling Interdependencies in Communication Networks
Our society is becoming increasingly reliant on the Internet and cellular networks for both critical and leisure services. At the same time, these networks are becoming increasingly complex. Network operators depend on each other to extend their reach and to increase their capacity. Furthermore, the interaction between these networks and their surrounding eco-system, encompassing everything from the physical infrastructure they run on to the policies regulating their operations, are far from being understood. Understanding these interdependencies is crucial for avoiding large-scale failures. Regulators, network operators, and customers are all interested in understanding these dependencies. This understanding will help regulators in devising better policies to ensure the stability of these critical infrastructures. Operators will leverage such understanding to improve their services, and customers will be able to make informed decisions when buying communication services.
Dominos aims to investigate interdependencies in complex systems that are organized as a network of networks with emphasis on communication networks. We will follow an experimental approach by measuring real systems. Then develop computational models that adequately resemble real networks and use to answer intricate what-if questions. We believe that this work can help both expanding our understanding of interdependencies in communication networks as well as serve as an input to other disciplines that study complex interdependent networks.
Final goal:
We would like to develop a framework for empirically quantifying interdependencies in communication systems that are organized as networks of networks. Such framework will help different stakeholders including regulators, operators, and end users gaining insights into the overall reliability of the systems they manage, own, operate and use. We would like also to develop analysis tools that can be reused by research that studies networks of networks in different contexts. For example, biological networks of networks and financial and trade networks. Thus, enabling future opportunities for interdisciplinary collaborations.
Funding source:
The Research Council of Norway
Publications at The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Network recovery based on system crash early warning in a cascading failure model
Nature Scientific Reports 8 (2018).Status: Published
Network recovery based on system crash early warning in a cascading failure model
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | DOMINOS: Dissecting and Modeling Interdependencies in Communication Networks, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Journal | Nature Scientific Reports |
| Volume | 8 |
| Publisher | Springer Nature |
Adding the Next Nine: An Investigation of Mobile Broadband Networks Availability
In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017.Status: Published
Adding the Next Nine: An Investigation of Mobile Broadband Networks Availability
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | DOMINOS: Dissecting and Modeling Interdependencies in Communication Networks |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Conference Name | Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking |
| Pagination | 88–100 |
| Publisher | ACM |
| Place Published | New York, NY, USA |
| ISBN Number | 978-1-4503-4916-1 |
| Keywords | correlation networks, interdependent networks, ultra-reliable communication |
| URL | http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3117811.3117842 |
| DOI | 10.1145/3117811.3117842 |
Overload-based cascades on multiplex networks
NetSci 2017 conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, 2017.Status: Published
Overload-based cascades on multiplex networks
Although cascading failures caused by overload in interdependent/interconnected networks have been studied in the recent years, the interplay between the extent of overlapping links (inter-similarity) and overload cascades is not well understood. This is an important issue since shared links do exist in many real-world coupled transportation systems. We propose a new model for load-based cascading failures on multiplex networks (based on previous single-layer models). This model compares different network structures, coupling schemes and overload rules. More importantly, we systematically investigate the effects of inter-similarity on the robustness of the whole system under an initial intentional attack. Surprisingly, we find that inter-similarity sometimes can have both positive and negative impacts on multiplex traffic systems. It not only brings assortativity, but also causes more overloads to the same node on both layers. This also results in continuous changes of the best overlap ratio from 1 to 0 during the transition process of the system. These results provide useful suggestions for designing robust coupled traffic systems.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | DOMINOS: Dissecting and Modeling Interdependencies in Communication Networks |
| Publication Type | Poster |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Date Published | 03/2017 |
| Place Published | NetSci 2017 conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA |
Network Slicing in 5G: Survey and Challenges
IEEE Communications Magazine 55, no. 5 (2017): 94-100.Status: Published
Network Slicing in 5G: Survey and Challenges
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | DOMINOS: Dissecting and Modeling Interdependencies in Communication Networks |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Journal | IEEE Communications Magazine |
| Volume | 55 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pagination | 94-100 |
| Publisher | IEEE Communications Society |
| ISSN | 0163-6804 |
| DOI | 10.1109/MCOM.2017.1600951 |
Quantifying Failure Dependencies in Multi-layer Mobile Broadband Networks
2016.Status: Published
Quantifying Failure Dependencies in Multi-layer Mobile Broadband Networks
| Afilliation | Networks, Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | DOMINOS: Dissecting and Modeling Interdependencies in Communication Networks |
| Publication Type | Poster |
| Year of Publication | 2016 |
MONROE: Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe
Given today's importance of mobile broadband (MBB) networks, there is a strong need for objective information about their performance, particularly, the quality experienced by the end user. MONROE proposes to design, build and operate the first European transnational open platform for independent, multi-homed, large-scale monitoring and performance assessment of MBB networks in heterogeneous environments. It also provides WiFi connectivity mimicking multi-homing in smartphones with both MBB and WiFi interfaces, to allow experimenting on different access technologies as well as to explore new ways of combining them to increase performance and robustness. Moreover, the platform's users are in the core of the MONROE project. Following the FIRE’s philosophy, MONROE offers a user-oriented closed-loop system design in which the experimental platform is open to external users, and where users are incorporated early on in the experimental design process. Second, MONROE will provide Experiments as a Service (EaaS), thus lowering the barrier for using the platform to external experimenters and users, by providing well-documented tools and adjustable, flexible, high-level scripts to execute experiments, collect results, and analyze data. Interoperability with existing FIRE and FP7 measurement platforms, jointly with the effort of MONROE to develop business and funding models, will guarantee sustainability and usefulness of the platform.
Funding source:
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 644399. (H2020-ICT-2014-1)
All partners:
- Simula (Norway)
- Imdea Networks (Spain)
- Karlstad University (Sweden)
- Politecnico Di Torino (Italy)
- Nextworks (Italy)
- Celerway Communications (Norway)
- Telenor (Norway)
Social media presence
Publications at The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
On the importance of TCP splitting proxies for future 5G mmWave communications
In IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). IEEE, 2019.Status: Published
On the importance of TCP splitting proxies for future 5G mmWave communications
Abstract—5G mmWave technology promises capacities 10 to 100 times that of 4G. However, mmWave links are very sensitive to having direct line of sight between sender and receiver, with dramatically fluctuating capacities due to transient blocking and shadow fading, which can substantially degrade TCP performance. TCP-splitting proxies (SPEPs) are often used to improve TCP performance over wireless links. We investigate current operator SPEPs (used in 4G LTE networks) under mmWave-like dynamics using the MONROE testbed. We introduce a mmWave emulation model for an urban canyon scenario, and use it to evaluate how current operational SPEPs impact the performance. Our results from experiments including four operators and three countries, indicate that SPEPs will be even more important for 5G mmWave than they are in LTE. Current 4G SPEPs provide significant, though not optimal, benefits under mmWave-like conditions, allowing them to be utilized as the network transitions to 5G technology.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | MAMI: Measurement and Architecture for a Middleboxed Internet, MONROE: Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe , Department of Mobile Systems and Analytics |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Conference Name | IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN) |
| Pagination | 129--137 |
| Date Published | 10/2019 |
| Publisher | IEEE |
Estimating Downlink Throughput from End-User Measurements in Mobile Broadband Networks
In IEEE World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM). IEEE, 2019.Status: Published
Estimating Downlink Throughput from End-User Measurements in Mobile Broadband Networks
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | MONROE: Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Conference Name | IEEE World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM) |
| Publisher | IEEE |
Web Experience in Operational Mobile Networks: Lessons from Two Million Page Visits
In ACM Web Performance (www), 2019.Status: Accepted
Web Experience in Operational Mobile Networks: Lessons from Two Million Page Visits
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | MONROE: Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe , Department of Mobile Systems and Analytics |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Conference Name | ACM Web Performance (www) |
Measuring Web Quality of Experience in Cellular Networks
In Passive Active Measurements, 2019.Status: Accepted
Measuring Web Quality of Experience in Cellular Networks
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | MONROE: Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe , Department of Mobile Systems and Analytics |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Conference Name | Passive Active Measurements |
Low-Latency Scheduling in MPTCP
IEEE Transactions on Networking 27, no. 1 (2019).Status: Published
Low-Latency Scheduling in MPTCP
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | MONROE: Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe , Department of Mobile Systems and Analytics |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Networking |
| Volume | 27 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Date Published | 02/2019 |
| Publisher | ACM IEEE |
Dissecting the Performance of YouTube Video Streaming in Mobile Networks
International Journal on Network Management (2019).Status: Accepted
Dissecting the Performance of YouTube Video Streaming in Mobile Networks
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | MONROE: Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe , Department of Mobile Systems and Analytics |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Journal | International Journal on Network Management |
| Publisher | Wiley |
Fine-grained LTE radio link estimation for mobile phones
Pervasive and Mobile Computing 49 (2018): 76-91.Status: Published
Fine-grained LTE radio link estimation for mobile phones
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | MONROE: Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Journal | Pervasive and Mobile Computing |
| Volume | 49 |
| Pagination | 76–91 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
Experience: Implications of Roaming in Europe
In Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. New Delhi, India: ACM, 2018.Status: Published
Experience: Implications of Roaming in Europe
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | MONROE: Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe , Department of Mobile Systems and Analytics |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Conference Name | Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking |
| Pagination | 179-189 |
| Publisher | ACM |
| Place Published | New Delhi, India |
| ISBN Number | 978-1-4503-5903-0 |
| DOI | 10.1145/3241539.3241577 |
End to end 5G Measurements with MONROE: Challenges and Opportunities
In 2018 IEEE 4th International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI). IEEE, 2018.Status: Published
End to end 5G Measurements with MONROE: Challenges and Opportunities
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | MONROE: Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe , Department of Mobile Systems and Analytics |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Conference Name | 2018 IEEE 4th International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI) |
| Publisher | IEEE |
| DOI | 10.1109/RTSI.2018.8548510 |
Visualizing Mobile Coverage from Repetitive Measurements on Defined Trajectories
In TMA Workshop on Mobile Network Measurements. IEEE/IFIP, 2018.Status: Published
Visualizing Mobile Coverage from Repetitive Measurements on Defined Trajectories
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | MONROE: Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Conference Name | TMA Workshop on Mobile Network Measurements |
| Publisher | IEEE/IFIP |
NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet
The NEAT project wants to achieve a complete redesign of the way in which Internet applications interact with the network. Our goal is to allow network "services" offered to applications – such as reliability, low-delay communication or security – to be dynamically tailored based on application demands, current network conditions, hardware capabilities or local policies, and also to support the integration of new network functionality in an evolutionary fashion, without applications having to be rewritten. This architectural change will make the Internet truly “enhanceable”, by allowing applications to seamlessly and more easily take advantage of new network features as they evolve.
Funding source
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 644334. (ICT-05-2014: Smart Networks and novel Internet Architectures)
All partners:
- Simula Research Laboratory (Norway)
- Celerway (Norway)
- Cisco Europe (France)
- EMC (Ireland)
- Mozilla Denmark (Denmark)
- Fachhochschule Münster (Germany)
- Karlstad University (Sweden)
- University of Aberdeen (United Kingdom)
- University of Oslo (Norway)
Project leader
David Ros, Simula Research Laboratory (Norway)
Online presence
Publications at The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
On the Utility of Unregulated IP DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) Usage by End Systems
{Performance Evaluation} 135 (2019).Status: Published
On the Utility of Unregulated IP DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) Usage by End Systems
DiffServ was designed to implement service provider quality of service (QoS) policies, where routers change and react upon the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) in the IP header. However, nowadays, applications are beginning to directly set the DSCP themselves, in the hope that this will yield a more appropriate service for their respective video, audio and data streams. WebRTC is a prime example of such an application. We present measurements, for both IPv4 and IPv6, of what happens to DSCP values along Internet paths after an end system has set them without any prior agreement between a customer and a service provider. We find that the DSCP is often changed or zeroed along the path, but detrimental effects from using the DSCP are extremely rare; moreover, DSCP values sometimes remain intact (potentially having an effect on traffic) for several AS hops. This positive result motivates an analysis of the potential latency impact from such DSCP usage, for which we present the first measurement results. We find that routers at approximately 3% of more than 100,000 links differentiate between the WebRTC DSCP values (EF, AF42 and CS1) and consistently reduce delay in comparison with probes carrying a zero value (CS0) under congestion. In contrast, routers at around 2% of these links increase the delay by a comparable amount under congestion, uniformly for EF, AF42 and CS1.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NorNet, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet, MELODIC: Multi-cloud Execution-ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Journal | {Performance Evaluation} |
| Volume | 135 |
| Date Published | 08/2019 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| ISSN | 0166-5316 |
| Keywords | DiffServ, DiffServ Code Point, latency, QoS, WebRTC |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peva.2019.102036 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.peva.2019.102036 |
ctrlTCP: Reducing Latency through Coupled, Heterogeneous Multi-Flow TCP Congestion Control
In 21st IEEE Global Internet Symposium (GI 2018). Honolulu, HI, USA: IEEE, 2018.Status: Published
ctrlTCP: Reducing Latency through Coupled, Heterogeneous Multi-Flow TCP Congestion Control
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Conference Name | 21st IEEE Global Internet Symposium (GI 2018) |
| Date Published | 04/2018 |
| Publisher | IEEE |
| Place Published | Honolulu, HI, USA |
| Notes | In conjunction with IEEE INFOCOM, Honolulu, HI, USA |
| DOI | 10.1109/INFCOMW.2018.8406887 |
fling: A Flexible Ping for Middlebox Measurements
In 2017 29th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 29). Vol. 1. IEEE, 2017.Status: Published
fling: A Flexible Ping for Middlebox Measurements
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Conference Name | 2017 29th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 29) |
| Volume | 1 |
| Pagination | 134–142 |
| Publisher | IEEE |
NEAT Tutorial at Hainan University: Getting Started with NEAT
In Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, 2017.Status: Published
NEAT Tutorial at Hainan University: Getting Started with NEAT
The goal of NEAT (A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet) is to allow network "services" offered to applications – such as reliability, low-delay communication or security – to be dynamically tailored based on application demands, current network conditions, hardware capabilities or local policies, and also to support the integration of new network functionality in an evolutionary fashion, without applications having to be rewritten. This talk gives a practical introduction to NEAT from a developer's perspective: after an introduction to NEAT, the APIs and in particular the NEAT Sockets API are explained. This is followed by pseudo-code examples and finally running-code examples. These running-code examples particularly also show how to use NEAT in NorNet Core.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet, NorNet |
| Publication Type | Talks, invited |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
| Place Published | Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China |
| Type of Talk | Tutorial |
| Keywords | Client, Examples, NEAT, NEAT Sockets API, NorNet Core, programming, Server |
A NEAT Way to Browse the Web
In Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop (ANRW). Praha/Czech Republic: IEEE, 2017.Status: Published
A NEAT Way to Browse the Web
There is a growing concern that the Internet transport layer has become ossified in the face of emerging novel applications, and that further evolution has become very difficult. The NEAT system is a novel and evolvable transport system that decouples applications from the underlying transport layer and network services. In so doing, it facilitates dynamic transport selection. This demo shows how the NEAT system is able to dynamically select the most appropriate transport solution for the Mozilla Firefox web browser.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet, NorNet |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Conference Name | Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop (ANRW) |
| Date Published | 07/15/2017 |
| Publisher | IEEE |
| Place Published | Praha/Czech Republic |
| Keywords | NEAT, ossification, SCTP, tcp, Transport Selection, Transport Service |
| Notes | Demo Presentation |
| URL | https://irtf.org/anrw/2017/anrw17-final13.pdf |
Evaluating CAIA Delay Gradient as a Candidate for Deadline-Aware Less-than-Best-Effort Transport
In Workshop on Future of Internet Transport (FIT 2017). IFIP, 2017.Status: Published
Evaluating CAIA Delay Gradient as a Candidate for Deadline-Aware Less-than-Best-Effort Transport
Less-than-best-effort (LBE) congestion control offers a low-priority service for applications tolerant to high latency and low throughput, like peer-to-peer file transfers or automatic software updates. There are, however, situations where it would be beneficial for the application to specify a soft deadline for task completion. Examples of such situations could be completion of backup tasks or synchronisation between CDN data centres. Since network conditions change over time, a deadline-aware LBE (DA-LBE) congestion control would need the ability to dynamically adapt how aggressively it competes for capacity to meet the soft deadline, trading low-priority behaviour for timeliness. One candidate that shows promise as a LBE congestion control is CAIA Delay Gradient (CDG). CDG uses changes in measured end-to-end delay to control the congestion window. CDG has several parameters that might help tune its “aggressiveness” in a way that might help achieve the goal of DA-LBE congestion control. We have evaluated CDG in order to establish how it can be tuned to exhibit different degrees of LBE behaviour under varying network conditions. Our results show that it is possible to control CDG to vary its aggressiveness in a consistent way, making it a prime candidate to implement a DA-LBE congestion control system.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Conference Name | Workshop on Future of Internet Transport (FIT 2017) |
| Publisher | IFIP |
| ISBN Number | 978-3-901882-94-4 |
| Keywords | congestion control, deadline-aware congestion control, Less-than-Best-Effort Service, scavenger service |
| URL | http://dl.ifip.org/db/conf/networking/networking2017/1570350870.pdf |
| DOI | 10.23919/IFIPNetworking.2017.8264882 |
NEAT: A Platform- and Protocol-Independent Internet Transport API
IEEE Communications Magazine 55, no. 6 (2017): 46-54.Status: Published
NEAT: A Platform- and Protocol-Independent Internet Transport API
The sockets Applications Programming Interface (API) has become the standard way that applications access the transport services offered by the Internet Protocol stack. This paper presents NEAT, a user-space library that can provide an alternate transport API. NEAT allows applications to request the service they need using a new design that is agnostic to the specific choice of transport protocol underneath. This not only allows applications to take advantage of common protocol machinery, but also eases introduction of new network mechanisms and transport protocols. The paper describes the components of the NEAT library and illustrates the important benefits that can be gained from this new approach. NEAT is a software platform for developing advanced network applications that was designed in accordance with the standardization efforts on Transport Services (TAPS) in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), but its features exceed the envisioned functionality of a TAPS system.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Journal | IEEE Communications Magazine |
| Volume | 55 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pagination | 46-54 |
| Date Published | 06/2017 |
| Publisher | IEEE |
| ISSN | 0163-6804 |
| DOI | 10.1109/MCOM.2017.1601052 |
| Research Notes | https://www.neat-project.org/publications/#papers |
A Practical Introduction to NEAT at Hainan University
In Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China. Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China, 2017.Status: Published
A Practical Introduction to NEAT at Hainan University
The goal of NEAT (A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet) is to allow network "services" offered to applications – such as reliability, low-delay communication or security – to be dynamically tailored based on application demands, current network conditions, hardware capabilities or local policies, and also to support the integration of new network functionality in an evolutionary fashion, without applications having to be rewritten. This talk gives a practical introduction to NEAT from a developer's perspective: after an introduction to NEAT, the APIs and in particular the NEAT Sockets API are explained. This is followed by pseudo-code examples and finally running-code examples. These running-code examples particularly also show how to use NEAT in NorNet Core
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet, NorNet |
| Publication Type | Talks, invited |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Location of Talk | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
| Place Published | Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China |
| Type of Talk | Invited Talk |
| Keywords | Client, Examples, NEAT, NEAT Sockets API, NorNet Core, programming, Server |
A Framework for Less than Best Effort Congestion Control with Soft Deadlines
In 2017 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking) and Workshops. IEEE, 2017.Status: Published
A Framework for Less than Best Effort Congestion Control with Soft Deadlines
Applications like inter data-centre synchronisation or client-to-cloud backups require a reliable end-to-end data transfer, however, they typically do not have strong capacity or latency constraints, just a loose delivery deadline. Besides, their potential to disrupt more quality-constrained flows should be kept to a minimum. These applications could be well served by a transport protocol providing a less-than-best-effort (LBE) or scavenger service rather than TCP but, neither TCP nor standard LBE methods like LEDBAT consider any notion of deadline or completion time. TCP simply tries to maximise the use of available capacity, while LEDBAT tries to enforce an LBE behaviour regardless of any timeliness requirements.
This paper introduces a framework for adding both LBE behaviour and awareness of “soft” delivery deadlines to any congestion control (CC) algorithm, whether loss-based, delay-based or explicit signaling-based. This effectively allows it to turn an arbitrary CC protocol into a scavenger protocol that dynamically adapts its sending rate to network conditions and remaining time before the deadline, to balance timeliness and transmission aggressiveness. Network utility maximization (NUM) theory provides a solid foundation for the proposal. The effectiveness of the approach is validated by numerical and simulation experiments, with TCP Cubic and Vegas used as examples.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Conference Name | 2017 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking) and Workshops |
| Publisher | IEEE |
| ISBN Number | 978-3-901882-94-4 |
| URL | http://dl.ifip.org/db/conf/networking/networking2017/1570334752.pdf |
| DOI | 10.23919/IFIPNetworking.2017.8264853 |
NEAT – A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet
12th Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop (SNCNW 2016), Sundsvall, Sweden, June 1-2, 2016, 2016.Status: Published
NEAT – A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NEAT: A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet |
| Publication Type | Poster |
| Year of Publication | 2016 |
| Date Published | 06/2016 |
| Place Published | 12th Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop (SNCNW 2016), Sundsvall, Sweden, June 1-2, 2016 |
| Keywords | application-aware networking, Internet architecture, ossification, transport API, transport layer |
| DOI | 10.5281/zenodo.55588 |
MobRob: Resilient Networks Mobile Broadband Measurements
The Centre for resilient networks and applications (CRNA) at Simula leads and operates an activity that continuously measures and evaluates the robustness of the service of all major mobile broadband providers in Norway. These measurements are financed by the Ministry of Transport and Communication. During the fall of 2011 all providers were invited to participate in this effort. Participation from providers is sought to scale up the scale the number of measurement points that Simula can operate and to give the participating providers access to unique measurement data that closely captures end users’ experience. Tele2 and Ice Norge expressed willingness and joined Simula in building the first large-scale mobile broadband measurements world-wide. MobRob was commissioned immediately thereafter to manage and steer this collaboration.
The ambition of MobRob is to build a unique large scale measurement infrastructure and to create a dynamic medium where researchers and network operators can work together. Since its start in 2012, MobRob along with Robuste nett 2 have managed to deploy several hundreds of measurement points all over Norway. Participating operators have been using the collected measurement data in conjunction with data analysis and visualization systems developed by Simula to monitor how end users perceive their services.
Final goal:
Funding source:
Partners and self-financing from CRNA
All partners:
- Tele2
- Ice Norge
CROWN: Cross-layer Research on Green Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks and Services
The objective of the CROWN project is to increase researchers’ mobility to obtain better understanding of green cooperative cognitive radio for future mobile Internet infrastructure. In particular, the transfer of knowledge, mainly as a result of researcher’s mobility, will focus on a new vision of green Cooperative CR paradigm, or CCR. This new vision advocates the seamless integration of three important aspects of modern wireless communication systems, i.e., green, cooperativeness and cross-layer. It is the aim of this project to explore a systematic way to bring together these features into a CCR network so as to maximize its effective network throughput (excluding signalling overhead) while staying green. In the meanwhile, the design of the CROWN network architecture will also take into consideration the new trend of services (e.g., increasing more video streaming) and their provisioning mechanisms (such as cloud computing). This staff exchange programme will also help develop new research links and deepen and strengthen the current research links amongst the partners and help build up long-term, world-class research in future wireless Internet technologies. The final goal is to explore a systematic way to integrate greenness, cooperativeness and cross-layer into a Cognitive Cooperative Radio networks so as to maximize its network performance.
Funding source:
EU FP7
All partners:
- Lancaster University, UK
- Simula Research Laboratory, Norway
- University of Essex, UK
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
- Xidian University, China
- Tsinghua University, China
- Nanjing University, China
Publications at The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Mobile Edge Computing: A Survey
IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5, no. 1 (2017).Status: Published
Mobile Edge Computing: A Survey
Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is an emergent architecture where cloud computing services are extended to the edge of networks leveraging mobile base stations. As a promising edge technology, it can be applied to mobile, wireless and wireline scenarios, using software and hardware platforms, located at the network edge in the vicinity of end-users. MEC provides seamless integration of multiple application service providers and vendors towards mobile subscribers, enterprises and other vertical segments. It is an important component in the 5G architecture which supports variety of innovative applications and services where ultra low latency is required. This paper is aimed to present a comprehensive survey of relevant research and technological developments in the area of MEC. It provides the definition of MEC, its advantages, architectures, and application areas; where we in particular highlight related research and future directions. Finally, security and privacy issues and related existing solutions are also discussed.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | CROWN: Cross-layer Research on Green Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks and Services |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Journal | IEEE Internet of Things Journal |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Date Published | 02/2018 |
| Publisher | ACM IEEE |
| Keywords | Fog Computing, IoT, Mobile cloud computing, Mobile edge computing |
| DOI | 10.1109/JIOT.2017.2750180 |
ProNet: Protection of Power electronically Interfaced LV Distributed Generation Networks
The project aims to develop the communication technology based intelligent methods of protection and post fault control for distribution systems with large scale renewable energy generation units and power electronic converters. The developed protection and control methods will minimize the possibility of losing power supply in an abnormal situation by stably operating a local system in an island mode if the power system at a higher level fails, and restoring normal operation as quickly as possible. The project is funded by the EU SMARTGRIDS ERANET program.
The new trend in power systems is developing towards Distributed Generation (DG) due to some technical, economical and environmental reasons. However, the large number of the renewable based Distributed Generation integrated into the power system and the wide application of power electronics present a great number of challenges. In addition, DG based smart power grid requires Machine-to-Machine (M2M) like communication scenarios, which however has not been explored.
It is envisioned that protection and post fault system control methods should be fast, adaptive and intelligent, should be supported by effective and reliable communication system which also need to deal with other issues such as M2M communications between Smart meters, IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices), RTUs (Remote Terminal Units), relay, sensor and other devices/terminals at the same time, in addition to the time critical demand of the protection and control methods.
Funding source:
EU FP7
All partners:
-
Simula Research Laboratory, Norway
Efficient EONS: Execution of Large Workloads on Elastic Heterogeneous Resources
In the current and future industry and society, there will be an increasing number of systems storing and processing large amounts of data. This is the next frontier for innovation, competition and productivity with ongoing large initiatives both in the EU and the US. Areas where processing of large amounts of unstructured data is applied include medicine, meteorology, genomics,
As such, the aim of the EONS research project is to perform basic research in the area of system and tools support for both, parallel programming and parallel processing, in the context of future distributed large-scale heterogeneous systems. EONS will develop concepts and mechanisms that enable the development of software for these next-generation big-data
The following points are investigated by EONS:
- Formalization of a high level parallel programming model that is compatible with those programming models and languages that developer today know. There are already several approaches to specify potential parallelism, but for workloads with processing and/or time dependencies, we need to add notions of deadlines and execution orders.
- Compiler and multi-core run-time system. Many run-time systems have been built and are in use, but there are large potentials for more efficient execution and run-time support for the dependencies must be added. Scheduling and mapping of tasks to processing engines will here be important. At the core of this plan is the common exploitation of knowledge that can be retained from the compilation step with knowledge that can be gained at runtime during execution on a multi-core system.
- Distributed implementation and high-level scheduler optimization. Adding support for multiple machines makes the previous item more complex. The heterogeneity and complexity increase and the communication costs vary more. A high-level scheduler therefore must take this into account, i.e., in addition to the competition for resources from different concurrent workloads.
Final goal:
Funding source:
All partners:
Publications at The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Deep learning approaches for flood classification and flood aftermath detection
In Working Notes Proceedings of the MediaEval 2018 Workshop. Vol. 2283. Sophia Antipolis, France: CEUR-WS.org, 2018.Status: Published
Deep learning approaches for flood classification and flood aftermath detection
This paper presents the method proposed by team UTAOS for MediaEval 2018 Multimedia Satellite Task: Emergency Response for Flooding Events. In the first challenge, we mainly rely on object and scene level features extracted through multiple deep models pre-trained on the ImageNet and Places datasets. The object and scene-level features are combined using early, late and double fusion techniques achieving an average F1-score of 65.03%, 60.59% and 63.58%, respectively. For the second challenge, we rely on a convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and a transfer learning-based classification approach achieving an average F1-score of 62.30% and 61.02% for run 1 and run 2, respectively.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Efficient EONS: Execution of Large Workloads on Elastic Heterogeneous Resources |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Conference Name | Working Notes Proceedings of the MediaEval 2018 Workshop |
| Volume | 2283 |
| Publisher | CEUR-WS.org |
| Place Published | Sophia Antipolis, France |
Transfer learning with prioritized classification and training dataset equalization for medical objects detection
In Working Notes Proceedings of the MediaEval 2018 Workshop. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2018.Status: Published
Transfer learning with prioritized classification and training dataset equalization for medical objects detection
This paper presents the method proposed by the organizer team (SIMULA) for MediaEval 2018 Multimedia for Medicine: the Medico Task. We utilized the recent transfer-learning-based image classification methodology and focused on how easy it is to implement multi-class image classifiers in general and how to improve the classification performance without deep neural network model redesign. The goal for this was both to provide a baseline for the Medico task and to show the performance of out-of-the-box classifiers for the medical use-case scenario.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Efficient EONS: Execution of Large Workloads on Elastic Heterogeneous Resources, Department of Holistic Systems |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Conference Name | Working Notes Proceedings of the MediaEval 2018 Workshop |
| Publisher | CEUR Workshop Proceedings |
Social Media and Satellites. Disaster event detection, linking and summarization
Multimedia Tools and Applications 78, no. 3 (2018): 2837-2875.Status: Published
Social Media and Satellites. Disaster event detection, linking and summarization
Being able to automatically link social media and satellite imagery holds large opportunities for research, with a potentially considerable impact on society. The possibility of integrating different information sources opens in fact to new scenarios where the wide coverage of satellite imaging can be used as a collector of the fine-grained details provided by the social media. Remote-sensed data and social media data can well complement each other, integrating the wide perspective provided by the satellite view with the information collected locally, being it textual, audio, or visual. Among the possible applications, natural disasters are certainly one of the most interesting scenarios, where global and local perspectives are needed at the same time.
In this paper, we present a system called JORD that is able to autonomously collect social media data (including the text analysis in local languages) about technological and environmental disasters, and link it automatically to remote-sensed data. Moreover, in order to ensure the quality of retrieved information, JORD is equipped with a hierarchical filtering mechanism relying on the temporal information and the content analysis of retrieved multimedia data.
To show the capabilities of the system, we present a large number of disaster events detected by the system, and we evaluate both the quality of the provided information about the events and the usefulness of JORD from potential users viewpoint, using crowdsourcing.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Efficient EONS: Execution of Large Workloads on Elastic Heterogeneous Resources, Department of Holistic Systems |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Journal | Multimedia Tools and Applications |
| Volume | 78 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pagination | 2837–2875 |
| Publisher | Springer |
| Place Published | US |
| Keywords | Event Detection, Information retrieval, Natural Disaster, Social Media |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11042-018-5982-9 |
Medico Multimedia Task at MediaEval 2018
In Working Notes Proceedings of the MediaEval 2018 Workshop. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2018.Status: Published
Medico Multimedia Task at MediaEval 2018
The Medico: Multimedia for Medicine Task, running for the second time as part of MediaEval 2018, focuses on detecting abnormalities, diseases, anatomical landmarks and other findings in images captured by medical devices in the gastrointestinal tract. The task is described, including the use case and its challenges, the dataset with ground truth, the required participant runs and the evaluation metrics.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Efficient EONS: Execution of Large Workloads on Elastic Heterogeneous Resources |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Conference Name | Working Notes Proceedings of the MediaEval 2018 Workshop |
| Publisher | CEUR Workshop Proceedings |
Dissecting Deep Neural Networks for Better Medical Image Classification and Classification Understanding
In 31st IEEE CBMS International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems. Karlstad, Sweden: IEEE, 2018.Status: Published
Dissecting Deep Neural Networks for Better Medical Image Classification and Classification Understanding
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Efficient EONS: Execution of Large Workloads on Elastic Heterogeneous Resources |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Conference Name | 31st IEEE CBMS International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems |
| Publisher | IEEE |
| Place Published | Karlstad, Sweden |
| ISSN Number | 2372-9198 |
| DOI | 10.1109/CBMS.2018.00070 |
Deep Learning and Hand-crafted Feature Based Approaches for Polyp Detection in Medical Videos
In 31st IEEE CBMS International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems. Karlstad, Sweden: IEEE, 2018.Status: Published
Deep Learning and Hand-crafted Feature Based Approaches for Polyp Detection in Medical Videos
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Efficient EONS: Execution of Large Workloads on Elastic Heterogeneous Resources |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Conference Name | 31st IEEE CBMS International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems |
| Pagination | 381-386 |
| Publisher | IEEE |
| Place Published | Karlstad, Sweden |
| ISSN Number | 2372-9198 |
| DOI | 10.1109/CBMS.2018.00073 |
Mimir: An Automatic Reporting and Reasoning System for Deep Learning based Analysis in the Medical Domain
In Proceedings of the 9th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference. Amsterdam, Netherlands: ACM, 2018.Status: Published
Mimir: An Automatic Reporting and Reasoning System for Deep Learning based Analysis in the Medical Domain
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Efficient EONS: Execution of Large Workloads on Elastic Heterogeneous Resources |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Conference Name | Proceedings of the 9th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference |
| Pagination | 369-374 |
| Publisher | ACM |
| Place Published | Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| ISBN Number | 978-1-4503-5192-8 |
| DOI | 10.1145/3204949.3208129 |
OpenSea - Open Search Based Classification Tool
In Proceedings of the 9th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference. Amsterdam, Netherlands: ACM, 2018.Status: Published
OpenSea - Open Search Based Classification Tool
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Efficient EONS: Execution of Large Workloads on Elastic Heterogeneous Resources |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Conference Name | Proceedings of the 9th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference |
| Pagination | 363-368 |
| Publisher | ACM |
| Place Published | Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| ISBN Number | 978-1-4503-5192-8 |
| DOI | 10.1145/3204949.3208128 |
Migration of Fine-grained Multimedia Applications
In Middleware '12 Proceedings of the Posters and Demo Track. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2012.Status: Published
Migration of Fine-grained Multimedia Applications
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Unified PCIe IO: Unified PCI Express for Distributed Component Virtualization, Efficient EONS: Execution of Large Workloads on Elastic Heterogeneous Resources |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2012 |
| Conference Name | Middleware '12 Proceedings of the Posters and Demo Track |
| Pagination | 12:1–12:2 |
| Date Published | 12/2012 |
| Publisher | ACM |
| Place Published | New York, NY, USA |
| ISBN Number | 978-1-4503-1612-5 |
| Keywords | fine-grained applications, Multimedia, process migration |
| DOI | 10.1145/2405153.2405165 |
Efficient Data Sharing for Multi-device Multimedia Applications
In Proceedings of the Workshop on Multi-device App Middleware. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2012.Status: Published
Efficient Data Sharing for Multi-device Multimedia Applications
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Unified PCIe IO: Unified PCI Express for Distributed Component Virtualization, Efficient EONS: Execution of Large Workloads on Elastic Heterogeneous Resources |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2012 |
| Conference Name | Proceedings of the Workshop on Multi-device App Middleware |
| Pagination | 2:1–2:6 |
| Publisher | ACM |
| Place Published | New York, NY, USA |
| ISBN Number | 978-1-4503-1617-0 |
| Keywords | data sharing, fine-grained applications, multi-device applications, Multimedia |
| URL | http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2405172.2405174 |
| DOI | 10.1145/2405172.2405174 |
RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency
RITE proposes to remove the root causes of unnecessary latency over the Internet. Whilst time-of-flight delay is inevitable, greater delays can result from interactions between transport protocols and buffers. It is this that RITE are tackling.
In RITE we aim to explore and develop changes to the existing infrastructure, so that the changes can be deployed without having to redesign the Internet. Latency can arise from a myriad of different reasons. As an example, setting up all connections for loading a dynamic web page, including DNS and background database connections, may delay the loading of the page with several extra RTTs. This will, unnecessarily, reduce the load speed. In RITE we analyse network traces and investigate network components and operating systems to locate the bottlenecks. RITE researchers use what we learn from this investigation to develop mechanisms that can be deployed in the existing infrastructure to improve the latency for generic Internet use, as well as for our chosen use-cases.
RITE has a strong focus on standardisation, and works through the IETF to transform the results of the project into standards. The partners also aim to contribute new code to the Linux kernel, making the improvements available to the public.
The project is driven by three specific use-cases: Financial applications, networked games and interactive video. These are applications with very different characteristics, but all have strict latency requirements. The industry partners will benefit from reduced Internet latency in a wide range of applications that they either provide infrastructure or hardware for, ultimately benefitting their customers.
Reducing latency may pave the way for new, exiting uses of the Internet. Applications that to this point have been unthinkable may be realised with consistent low-latency service. Also, lower latency for our time-dependent use-cases will improve the experience for the users drastically, giving our industry partners a competitive benefit.
Final goal:
The ultimate goal of RITE is to bring stable, low-latency services to Internet users and businesses, and lay the groundwork for consistent low latency in Internet communication.
Starting by better understanding how latency is traded off for throughput and what generates latency in the Internet, we will investigate the Internet systems to find the latency-inducing bottlenecks, both in the end-systems and in the network. Finally we will design mechanisms that can be integrated with the existing infrastructure to improve the experienced latency.
Funding source:
- The European Commission
- Funding scheme: STREP Total Cost: € 4,910,044.00 EC Contribution: € 3,569,000.00 Contract Number: CNECT-ICT-317700
All partners:
- Simula Research Laboratory (NO)
- British Telecommunications (UK)
- Alcatel-Lucent Bell (BE)
- Megapop Games (NO)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Karlstad University (SE)
- Institut Mines-Telecom (FR)
- The University Court of the University of Aberdeen (UK)
Publications at The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Alternative Backoff: Achieving Low Latency and High Throughput with ECN and AQM
In IFIP Networking. IFIP, 2017.Status: Published
Alternative Backoff: Achieving Low Latency and High Throughput with ECN and AQM
A number of recently proposed Active Queue Management (AQM) mechanisms instantiate shallow buffers with burst tolerance to minimise the time that packets spend enqueued at a bottleneck. However, shallow buffering causes noticeable TCP performance degradation as a path’s underlying round trip time (RTT) heads above typical intra-country levels. Using less-aggressive multiplicative backoffs in TCP can compensate for shallow bottleneck buffering. AQM mechanisms may either drop packets or mark them using Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN), depending on whether the sender marked packets as ECN-capable. While a drop may therefore stem from any type of queue, an ECN-mark indicates that an AQM mechanism has done its job, and therefore the queue is likely to be shallow. We propose ABE: “Alternative Backoff with ECN”, which consists of enabling ECN and letting individual TCP senders back off less aggressively in reaction to ECN-marks from AQM-enabled bottlenecks. Using controlled testbed experiments with standard NewReno and CUBIC flows, we show significant performance gains in lightly-multiplexed scenarios, without losing the delay-reduction benefits of deploying AQM. ABE is a sender-side-only modification that can be deployed across networks incrementally (requiring no flag-day) and offers a compelling reason to deploy and enable ECN across the Internet.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Conference Name | IFIP Networking |
| Publisher | IFIP |
| Keywords | AQM, congestion control, ECN, low latency, tcp |
| Notes | Best Paper Award |
| URL | http://dl.ifip.org/db/conf/networking/networking2017/1570335770.pdf |
Multi-Path Transport with OMNeT++ and the INET Framework
In Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, 2017.Status: Published
Multi-Path Transport with OMNeT++ and the INET Framework
In order to evaluate the performance of multi-path transport protocols, a straightforward initial step is to perform simulations. OMNeT++, together with the INET Framework, provide a powerful Open Source platform for running network simulations. This talk provides an overview of simulating multi-path transport with OMNeT++ and the INET Framework. Particular focus is on the Concurrent Multipath Transfer extension for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). Furthermore, useful additions like the NetPerfMeter application model, the extended network auto-configurator as well as the Simulation Processing Tool-Chain (SimProcTC) are explained.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NorNet, RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency |
| Publication Type | Talks, invited |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Location of Talk | Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain |
| Place Published | Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain |
| Keywords | CMT, CMT-SCTP, Concurrent Multipath Transfer, INET Framework, Multi-Path Transport, NetPerfMeter, OMNeT++, SCTP, SimProcTC, Stream Control Transmission Protocol |
Operating ranges, tunability and performance of CoDel and PIE
Computer Communications 103 (2017): 74-82.Status: Published
Operating ranges, tunability and performance of CoDel and PIE
Bufferbloat is excessive delay due to the accumulation of packets in a router’s oversized queues. CoDel and PIE are two recent Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms that have been proposed to address bufferbloat by reducing the queuing delay while trying to maintain a high bottleneck utilization. This paper fills a gap by outlining what are the operating ranges, that is the network characteristics (in terms of round-trip times and bottleneck capacity), for which these algorithms achieve their design goals. This new approach to the problem lets us identify deployment scenarios where both AQM schemes result in poor performance when used with default parameters. Because PIE and CoDel have been proposed with RED’s deployment issues in mind, it was essential to evaluate to what extent we can tune them to achieve various trade-offs and let them control the queuing delay outside their default operating range. We find that, by appropriate tuning (1) the amount of buffering can easily be controlled with PIE, (2) the Round Trip Time (RTT) sensitivity of CoDel can be reduced. Also, we observe there is more correlation between the congestion level, the achieved queuing delay and the targeted delay with CoDel than with PIE. This paper therefore concludes there is no single overall best AQM scheme, as each scheme proposes a specific trade-off.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Journal | Computer Communications |
| Volume | 103 |
| Pagination | 74-82 |
| Date Published | 05/2017 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Keywords | AQM, Bufferbloat, CoDel, congestion control, PIE |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.comcom.2016.07.013 |
Managing real-time media flows through a flow state exchange
In NOMS 2016 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2016.Status: Published
Managing real-time media flows through a flow state exchange
When multiple congestion controlled flows traverse the same network path, their resulting rate is usually an outcome of their competition at the bottleneck. The WebRTC / RTCWeb suite of standards for inter-browser communication is required to allow prioritization. This is addressed by our previously presented mechanism for coupled congestion control, called the Flow State Exchange (FSE). Here, we present our first simulation results using two mechanisms that have been proposed for IETF standardization: Google Congestion Control (GCC) and Network-Assisted Dynamic Adaptation (NADA). These two mechanisms exhibit aspects that allow us to use a simpler “passive” algorithm in our FSE. Passive coupling allows a less time-constrained request-response style of signaling between congestion control mechanisms and the FSE, which enables the FSE to run as a stand-alone management tool.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2016 |
| Conference Name | NOMS 2016 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium |
| Pagination | 112--120 |
| Date Published | 04/2016 |
| DOI | 10.1109/NOMS.2016.7502803 |
PI2 : A Linearized AQM for both Classic and Scalable TCP
In Proc. ACM CoNEXT 2016. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016.Status: Published
PI2 : A Linearized AQM for both Classic and Scalable TCP
This paper concerns the use of Active Queue Management (AQM) to reduce queuing delay. It offers insight into why it has proved hard for a Proportional Integral (PI) controller to remain both responsive and stable while controlling `Classic' TCP flows, such as TCP Reno and Cubic. Due to their non-linearity, the controller's adjustments have to be smaller when the target drop probability is lower. The PI Enhanced (PIE) algorithm attempts to solve this problem by scaling down the adjustments of the controller using a look-up table. Instead, we control an internal variable that is by definition linearly proportional to the load, then post-process it into the required Classic drop probability---in fact we show that the output simply needs to be squared. This allows tighter control, giving responsiveness and stability better or no worse than PIE achieves, but without all its corrective heuristics.
With suitable packet classification, it becomes simple to extend this PI2 AQM to support coexistence between Classic and Scalable congestion controls in the public Internet. A Scalable congestion control ensures sufficient feedback at any flow rate, an example being Data Centre TCP (DCTCP). A Scalable control is linear, so we can use the internal variable directly without any squaring, by omitting the post-processing stage.
We implemented PI2 as a Linux qdisc to extensively test our claims using Classic and Scalable TCPs.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency, TimeIn: Traffic behaviour of interactive time-dependent thin streams on the modern Internet |
| Publication Type | Proceedings, refereed |
| Year of Publication | 2016 |
| Conference Name | Proc. ACM CoNEXT 2016 |
| Pagination | 105-119 |
| Date Published | 12/2016 |
| Publisher | ACM |
| Place Published | New York, NY, USA |
| ISBN Number | 978-1-4503-4297-1 |
| Keywords | Algorithms, Analysis, AQM, Congestion Avoidance, congestion control, Data Communication, Design, Evaluation, Internet, latency, networks, Performance, QoS, Scaling, tcp |
| URL | http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2999572.2999578 |
| DOI | 10.1145/2999572.2999578 |
TRILL: ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) Support
Internet Engineering Task Force, 2017.Status: Accepted
TRILL: ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) Support
Explicit congestion notification (ECN) allows a forwarding element to notify downstream devices, including the destination, of the onset of congestion without having to drop packets. This document extends this capability to TRILL switches, including integration with IP ECN.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency, TimeIn: Traffic behaviour of interactive time-dependent thin streams on the modern Internet |
| Publication Type | Technical reports |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Number | draft-ietf-trill-ecn-support-02 |
| Date Published | 03/2017 |
| Publisher | Internet Engineering Task Force |
| Keywords | Architecture, congestion, Control, Data Communication, Encapsulation, Explicit Notification, Incremental Deployment, Internet, Layering, networks, Protocol Engineering, QoS, Tunnels |
| Notes | (Work in Progress) |
| URL | http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trill-ecn-support |
More Accurate ECN Feedback in TCP
Internet Engineering Task Force, 2016.Status: Accepted
More Accurate ECN Feedback in TCP
Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) is a mechanism where network nodes can mark IP packets instead of dropping them to indicate incipient congestion to the end-points. Receivers with an ECN-capable transport protocol feed back this information to the sender. ECN is specified for TCP in such a way that only one feedback signal can be transmitted per Round-Trip Time (RTT). Recently, new TCP mechanisms like Congestion Exposure (ConEx) or Data Center TCP (DCTCP) need more accurate ECN feedback information whenever more than one marking is received in one RTT. This document specifies an experimental scheme to provide more than one feedback signal per RTT in the TCP header. Given TCP header space is scarce, it overloads the three existing ECN-related flags in the TCP header and provides additional information in a new TCP option.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency, TimeIn: Traffic behaviour of interactive time-dependent thin streams on the modern Internet |
| Publication Type | Technical reports |
| Year of Publication | 2016 |
| Number | draft-ietf-tcpm-accurate-ecn-02 |
| Date Published | 10/2016 |
| Publisher | Internet Engineering Task Force |
| Keywords | Architecture, congestion control, Data Communication, Internet, networks, Protocols, QoS, Quality of Service, Rate Control, Security, Signalling, Standards |
| Notes | (Work in Progress) |
| URL | http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tcpm-accurate-ecn |
Guidelines for Adding Congestion Notification to Protocols that Encapsulate IP
IETF, 2017.Status: Accepted
Guidelines for Adding Congestion Notification to Protocols that Encapsulate IP
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications, RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency |
| Publication Type | Technical reports |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Number | draft-ietf-tsvwg-ecn-encap-guidelines-08 |
| Publisher | IETF |
| Keywords | Architecture, congestion, Control, Data Communication, Encapsulation, Explicit Notification, Internet, Layering, Management, Monitoring, networks, Protocol Engineering, QoS, Tunnels |
| Notes | (Work in Progress) |
| URL | http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tsvwg-ecn-encap-guidelines |
Is Multi-Path Transport Suitable for Latency Sensitive Traffic?
Computer Networks (COMNET) 105 (2016): 1-21.Status: Published
Is Multi-Path Transport Suitable for Latency Sensitive Traffic?
This paper assesses whether multi-path communication can help latency-sensitive applications to satisfy the requirements of their users. We consider Concurrent Multi-path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-path TCP (MPTCP) and evaluate their proficiency in transporting video, gaming, and web traffic over combinations of WLAN and 3G interfaces. To ensure the validity of our evaluation, several experimental approaches were used including simulation, emulation and live experiments. When paths are symmetric in terms of capacity, delay and loss rate, we find that the experienced latency is significantly reduced, compared to using a single path. Using multiple asymmetric paths does not affect latency -- applications do not experience any increase or decrease, but might benefit from other advantages of multi-path communication. In the light of our conclusions, multi-path transport is suitable for latency-sensitive traffic and mature enough to be widely deployed.
| Afilliation | Networks, Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | NorNet, RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2016 |
| Journal | Computer Networks (COMNET) |
| Volume | 105 |
| Pagination | 1-21 |
| Date Published | 08/2016 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Keywords | CMT-SCTP, Internet, latency, MPTCP, Multi-Path Communication, transport protocols |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.comnet.2016.05.008 |
AQM Characterization Guidelines
IETF, 2016.Status: Published
AQM Characterization Guidelines
Unmanaged large buffers in today's networks have given rise to a slew of performance issues. These performance issues can be addressed by some form of Active Queue Management (AQM) mechanism, optionally in combination with a packet scheduling scheme such as fair queuing. The IETF Active Queue Management and Packet Scheduling working group was formed to standardize AQM schemes that are robust, easily implementable, and successfully deployable in today's networks. This document describes various criteria for performing precautionary characterizations of AQM proposals. This document also helps in ascertaining whether any given AQM proposal should be taken up for standardization by the AQM WG.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems, Communication Systems, Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | RITE: Reducing Internet Transport Latency, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Technical reports |
| Year of Publication | 2016 |
| Date Published | 07/2016 |
| Publisher | IETF |
| ISSN Number | 2070-1721 |
| Keywords | Active Queue Management |
| URL | https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7928 |
NumaMultiConnect: Cost-efficient HPC technology with mainframe capabilities
Today, data-intensive problems are solved using HPC resources, which are either large-scale Shared Memory Processing (SMP) systems, referred to as mainframes, or clusters comprising a large pool of inter-connected commodity servers. Mainframes constitute high performing and easy programmable solutions, but are only affordable to a fraction of the market. Cluster solutions have significantly lower costs, but also increased processing time and increased programming complexity. The increased complexity requires specialist developers and significantly limits the market opportunities.
The motivation for this project is the market demand for a currently non-existing solution that offers high performance and ease of use at a low cost. The project will address the challenges and disadvantages associated with cluster computing. By addressing the limitations of cluster systems whilst keeping the computational cost at the same level, we aim to provide HPC with mainframe capabilities at cluster prices.
The result from this project will constitute a worldwide new innovation with a huge market potential. It will be attractive to all industries handling Big Data problems or in the need for high performance computing capacity. Examples include life sciences such as genome projects, energy industry, medicine, space, and financial trading. By drastically reducing the cost per computation we expect to also reach new industries, which previously could not access HPC capacity. Thus, our ground-breaking global innovation represents a game-changing tool for big data problem solving across existing and new industry sectors.
Funding source:
Research Council of Norway (Business Sector Program)
All partners:
- Numascale
- Simula Research Laboratory
- University of Oslo
- IBM
Publications at The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications
Et rammeverk for risikostyring i digitale verdikjeder
In Sentralt Totalforsvarsforum, Nasjonal Sikkerhetsmyndighet, Oslo, 2019.Status: Published
Et rammeverk for risikostyring i digitale verdikjeder
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Talks, invited |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Location of Talk | Sentralt Totalforsvarsforum, Nasjonal Sikkerhetsmyndighet, Oslo |
Energy Informatics for Smart Cities: Smart Grid and Intelligent Transporation Systems
In Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 2019.Status: Published
Energy Informatics for Smart Cities: Smart Grid and Intelligent Transporation Systems
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Talks, invited |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Location of Talk | Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway |
| Type of Talk | Open Lecture |
Artificial Intelligence for Vehicular Networks
In AIM North Symposium 2019, Oslo Metropolitan University , 2019.Status: Published
Artificial Intelligence for Vehicular Networks
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Talks, invited |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Location of Talk | AIM North Symposium 2019, Oslo Metropolitan University |
| Type of Talk | Invited Talk, AIM North Symposium 2019 organized by Xplorico |
Mobile Edge Computing for Vehicular Networks
In COSAFE Annual Workshop on Cooperative, Connected and Intelligent Vehicles, Aston University, Birmingham, UK, , 2019.Status: Published
Mobile Edge Computing for Vehicular Networks
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Talks, invited |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Location of Talk | COSAFE Annual Workshop on Cooperative, Connected and Intelligent Vehicles, Aston University, Birmingham, UK, |
| Type of Talk | Invited Talk |
Smart cities for a Sustainable Energy Future- From design to practice
In Technical University of Berlin, Germany, 2019.Status: Published
Smart cities for a Sustainable Energy Future- From design to practice
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Talks, contributed |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Location of Talk | Technical University of Berlin, Germany |
| Type of Talk | 2019 LUCS PACE SCiSEF Summer School: Introduction and Overview |
Demand Response Management and Distributed Electricity Trading in the Smart Grid
In Department of Technology Systems, University of Oslo, Kjeller, Norway, 2018.Status: Published
Demand Response Management and Distributed Electricity Trading in the Smart Grid
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Talks, invited |
| Year of Publication | 2018 |
| Location of Talk | Department of Technology Systems, University of Oslo, Kjeller, Norway |
| Type of Talk | Open Lecture |
Energy Intelligence: Vehicle-to-Grid Systems
In Technical University of Berlin, Germany, 2019.Status: Published
Energy Intelligence: Vehicle-to-Grid Systems
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Talks, invited |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Location of Talk | Technical University of Berlin, Germany |
Location Privacy Preservation for Mobile Users in Location-based Services
IEEE Access 7 (2019): 87425-87438.Status: Published
Location Privacy Preservation for Mobile Users in Location-based Services
Because location-based cyber services are increasingly found in mobile applications (e.g., social networking and maps), user location privacy preservation is essential and remains one of the several ongoing research challenges. In this paper, we propose a region-of-interest division-based algorithm to Preserve the location Privacy of mobile device users in location-based Cyber Services (PPCS). Unlike existing methods, our proposed PPCS approach generates dummy locations while considering the semantic information of those locations. The PPCS algorithm enables the generated locations to exclude or reduce the exposure of a user's real location. In our analysis, we demonstrate that PPCS is resilient to both colluding attacks and inference attacks. We also evaluate the efficiency and demonstrate the utility of our proposed approach through extensive simulations.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Journal | IEEE Access |
| Volume | 7 |
| Pagination | 87425 - 87438 |
| Date Published | June 2019 |
| Publisher | IEEE |
Artificial Intelligence for Vehicle-to-Everything: A Survey
IEEE Access 7 (2019): 10823-10843.Status: Published
Artificial Intelligence for Vehicle-to-Everything: A Survey
Recently, the advancement in communications, intelligent transportation systems, and computational systems has opened up new opportunities for intelligent traffic safety, comfort, and efficiency solutions. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used to optimize traditional data-driven approaches in different areas of the scientific research. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) system together with AI can acquire the information from diverse sources, can expand the driver's perception, and can predict to avoid potential accidents, thus enhancing the comfort, safety, and efficiency of the driving. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the research works that have utilized AI to address various research challenges in V2X systems. We have summarized the contribution of these research works and categorized them according to the application domains. Finally, we present open problems and research challenges that need to be addressed for realizing the full potential of AI to advance V2X systems.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Journal | IEEE Access |
| Volume | 7 |
| Pagination | 10823 - 10843 |
| Date Published | 01/2019 |
| Publisher | IEEE |
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Cooperative Content Caching in Vehicular Edge Computing and Networks
IEEE Internet of Things Journal (Early Access) (2019).Status: Published
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Cooperative Content Caching in Vehicular Edge Computing and Networks
In this paper, we propose a cooperative edge caching scheme, a new paradigm to jointly optimize content placement and content delivery in vehicular edge computing and networks, with the aid of the flexible trilateral cooperations among a macro-cell station, roadside units and smart vehicles. We formulate the joint optimization problem as a double time-scale Markov decision process (DTS-MDP), based on the fact that the time-scale of content timeliness changes less frequently as compared to the vehicle mobility and network states during the content delivery process. At the beginning of the large time-scale, the content placement/updating decision can be obtained according to the content popularity, vehicle driving paths and resource availability. On the small time-scale, the joint vehicle scheduling and bandwidth allocation scheme is designed to minimize the content access cost while satisfying the constraint on content delivery latency. To solve the long-term mixed integer linear programming (LT-MILP) problem, we propose a nature-inspired method based on the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) framework to obtain a suboptimal solution with a low computation complexity. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed cooperative caching system can reduce the system cost, as well as the content delivery latency, and improve content hit ratio, as compared to the non-cooperative and random edge caching schemes.
| Afilliation | Communication Systems |
| Project(s) | Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, The Center for Resilient Networks and Applications |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2019 |
| Journal | IEEE Internet of Things Journal (Early Access) |
| Date Published | 10/2019 |
| Publisher | IEEE |